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Cog Behavioral 6325
Cog Beh-EPSY 6325 Arbona
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bandura: Social Learning Approach | Psychological functions involve a reciprocal interaction between: the environment, behavior, and cognitive process |
| Bandura: Social Learning Approach | Reciprocal determinism; People are capable of self-directed behavior change and that the person is the agent of change. |
| CBT | Distressing emotions are typically the result of maladaptive thinking |
| CBT:Psychopathology | Mental disorder seen as a disorder of thinking in which a client distorts reality, including: a)Specific misconceptions, b)Unrealistic expectations, c)Maladaptive attributes |
| CBT | Therapy aims are to identify and change: a)Faulty patterns of thinking, and b)faulty premises and attributes |
| REBT/RET: Ellis | a)Stresses thinking, judging, deciding, analyzing, & doing. b)Assumes cognitions<>emotions<>behaviors have a reciprocal relationship. c)Teaches that our emotions stem mainly from our beliefs, evaluations, interpretations, and reactions to life situations |
| RET: Human Nature | a)We are born with a potential for both rational and irrational thinking. b)We have the biological and cultural tendency to think irrationally and to needlessly disturb oursleves |
| RET: Human Nature | a)We learn and invent disturbing beliefs and keep ourselves disturbed through our self-talk. b)We have the capacity to change our cognitive, emotive, and behavioral processes |
| RET: ABC Theory | A-->B-->C \ \ D--->E---F |
| A | Activating Event |
| B | Belief; Leads to C |
| C | Consequence (emotional and behavioral); This is why people come to therapy |
| D | Disputing intervention; Where counseling takes place; Replaces B and leads to E and F instead of C |
| E | Effect (an effective philosophy is developed); more adaptive than C |
| F | New feeling |
| RET: Therapy Process | Educational process where clients learn: to identify and dispute irrational beliefs that are maintained by self-indoctrination, to replace ineffective ways of thinking with rational cognitions, & to stop absolutistic thinking, blaming, & false beliefs |
| Beck's CT | Insight-focused therapy with emphasis on changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs |
| Beck's CT: Theoretical Assumptions | a)People's internal communications are accessible to introspection; b)Client's beliefs have highly personal meanings; c)These meanings can be discovered by the client rather than being taught or interpreted by the therapist |
| CT: Basic Theory | a)To understand the nature of an emotional episode or disturbance it is essential to focus in the cognitive content of an individual's reaction to the upsetting event or stream of thoughts; b)Automatic thoughts |
| Automatic Thoughts | Personalized notions that are triggered by particular stimuli that lead to emotional responses |
| CT: Goals | To change the way clients think by: a)Identifying client's automatic thoughts, b)Reaching the core schemata, and c) schema restructuring |
| CT: Human Nature | a)Cognitive structures or schemas; b)Confirmatory bias; c)Schemas and Disorders |
| Cognitive structures or schemas | Function as implicit assumptions or premises that influence what one attends to and how one interprets events |
| Confirmatory Bias | Selectively attend to events that confirm our own initial beliefs |
| Schemas and Disorders | Anxiety--threat and danger; Depression--social rejection and failure |
| CT: Cognitive distortions | A)Arbitrary Inferences; b)Selective Abstractions; c)Overgeneralization; d)Magnification and minimization; e)Personalization; f) Labeling and mislabeling; g)Polarized thinking |
| Arbitrary Inferences | Making conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence. Includes catastrophizing or thinking the absolute worst scenario and outcomes for most situations |
| Selective Abstractions | Forming conclusions on an isolated detail of an event |
| Overgeneralizations | Process of holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applying them inappropriately to dissimilar events or settings |
| Magnification and minimization | Perceiving a case or situation in a greater or lesser light than it truly deserves |
| Personalization | Tendency for individuals to relate external events to themselves, even when there is no basis for making this connection. |
| Labeling and mislabeling | Portraying one;s identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the past and allowing them to define one's true identity. |
| Polarized thinking (Dichotomous thinking) | Categorizing experiences in either-or extremes |
| Arbitrary Inferences example | A man not hired by a potential employer perceives himself as "totally worthless" and believes he probably will never find employment of any sort. |
| Selective Abstractions example | A student who receives a C on an exam becomes depressed and stops attending classes even though he has A's and B's in his other courses. |
| Overgeneralizations example | "I will never be able to speak in public because I once had a panic attack before giving a speech." |
| Magnification and minimization example | "My nose is so big that no one will ever love me." |
| Personalization example | "My mother is unhappy because of me." |
| Labeling and mislabeling example | "I’m stupid." (instead of “I didn’t study for my test, and I failed it.”) |
| Polarized thinking example | "I have to be perfect or I am a failure." |
| CT: Therapy Process | Socratic dialogue collaborative, interactive process to:Teach clients to recognize, observe, & monitor automatic thoughts and assumptions, subject their automatic thoughts to reality testing, & subsitute realistc interpretations for the biased cogntitions |
| Beck's Approach to Depression: Cognitive Triad | 1)Have a negative view of themselves and attribute setbacks to themselves w/o looking at the environment. 2)Interpret experiences in a negative manner, screen out positives. 3)Have a gloomy vision and projections about the future |
| Ellis vs Beck | 1)Ellis is more directional and confrontational in pointing out and refuting irrational thoughts. 2) Beck helps clients discover their distorted patterns of thinking: a)collaborative empiricism and b)guided discovery |
| collaborative Empiricism (Beck) | Through reflective questioning, the cognitive therapist attempts to collaborate with clients in testing the validity of their cognitions |
| Guided Discovery | Client and therapist examine and evaluate beliefs and modify correct client's misconceptions. |
| Assertiveness Training (Usually group settings) | 1)Information - education, 2)Examination of beliefs and self-talk, 3)Role playing/modeling, 4)Behavioral rehearsal |
| Role playing/Modeling | Vicarious learning: Coping (shows people coping and starts at the level they are at) or mastery (showing someone doing the activity w/o fear) |
| Self Management Programs - Active coping behaviors | 1)Identify the goal and express it in behavioral terms, 2)Behavioral assessment, 3)Develop a plan for change, 4)Self-monitoring and self-reinforcement, 5)Evaluation of action plan - results |
Created by:
bseal023
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