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Midterm Rehearsal R
Russi 201 Summer 2013 Midterm Rehearsal
Question | Answer |
---|---|
List the 5 main sleep | Narcolepsy Sleep apnea Nightmares Night terrors Sleepwalking – (somnambulism) |
What is inside a neuron? | Dendrites, Soma (cell body), nucleus, Myelin Sheath (Schwann cell), node of Ranvier, Axon, Axon terminals, knobs |
Where did Plato believe the seat of mental processes lay? (What part of your body) and how about Aristotle. Who do you think is right and why? | Plato believed the brain was the seat on mental process. Aristotle believed the mind was located in the heart which contained all emotions and thinking and that the brain was just a radiator to cool the heart… |
What is critical thinking? 3 words | facts not opinions Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally. It includes the ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking |
What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system? | i. Autonomic ii. Somatic |
Define psychology according to your textbook. Word for word. | Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes |
Name the 6 main neurotransmitters. | i. Acetylcholine (Ach) ii. Dopamine iii. Serotonin iv. Norepinephrine v. GABA vi. Glutamate Ancient Dragons Scratched Nasty Green Goblins |
Who is Alfred Binet and what was he famous for? | A French psychologist who produced the first intelligence test for assessing the abilities and academic progress of Parisian school children in 1905. |
Explain the minds 2 track system? (hint: it has to do with consciousness) | Our minds have separate conscious and unconscious tracks that perform dual processing-organizing and interpreting information simultaneously. |
Name the 4 stages of Piaget’s psychosocial development. | Sensory Motor 1. Birth-18-24 months Preoperational a. 18-24 months – early childhood (age7) Concrete Operational a. 7-12 Formal Operational a. Adolescent - Adulthood |
Who established the first psychology lab and where? | Wilhelm Wundt established it at the University if Leipzig, Germany the first psychology laboratory which becomes a mecca for psychology students from all over the world in 1879. |
Define hypothesis according to the textbook. | A testable prediction often implied by a theory. |
What is hypnosis used for today? a. (in law enforcement) b. (in hospitals) | Used occasionally in law enforcement with witnesses and victims to crime events to obtain useful investigative leads. It is also used in hospitals as an unconventional approach to pain control and relaxation. |
14. What is the difference between dystopia and Utopia? And where are they usually found? | dystopia a community/society that is in some way undesirable or frightening A Utopia is the opposite a place in which human society, natural conditions, etc are so ideally perfect that there is complete contentment both found most commonly in fiction. |
Who developed positive psychology and what is it? | Martin Seligman and Mahaly Csikszentmihalyi. It is the theory that positive thinking will help change how you feel. |
EXTRA QUESTION What is Narcolepsy? | marked by sudden and irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods |
EXTRA QUESTION What is sleep apnea? | involves frequent, reflexive gasping for air that disrupts sleep |
EXTRA QUESTIONS What are nightmares? | are anxiety arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep |
EXTRA QUESTION What are night terrors? | are abrupt awakenings from non-REM sleep accompanied by intense arousal and panic |
EXTRA QUESTION What is sleep walking? | aka (somnambulism) occurs when a person wanders about while remaining asleep |
EXTRA QUESTION What is a dendrite? | are the branched projections of a neuron that act to conduct the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project. |
EXTRA QUESTION What is the soma of a neuron? | the cell body |
EXTRA QUESTION What is the Myelin Sheath? | aka Schwann Cell material that forms a layer, the myelin sheath, usually around only the axon of a neuron. It is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. |
EXTRA QUESTION What are the nodes of Ranvier | periodic gap in the insulating sheath (myelin) on the axon of certain neurons that serves to facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses. |
EXTRA QUESTION What is an axon? | the big thing coming from the soma; also known as a nerve fibre; is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. |
EXTRA QUESTION What are the axon terminals? | are distal terminations of the branches of an axon |
EXTRA QUESTION What is the autonomic nervous system? | regulates the functions of our internal organs (the viscera) such as the heart, stomach and intestines. We are often unaware of the ANS because it functions involuntary and reflexively. blood vessels change size or when our heart beats faster |
EXTRA QUESTION What is the somatic nervous system? | is the portion of the nervous system responsible for voluntary body movement and for sensing external stimuli. All five senses are controlled by the somatic nervous system. |
EXTRA QUESTION Describe Piaget's Sensory Motor stage | --Behavior is organized around its sensory or motor effects --Culminates in attaining the concept of object permanence. --Object permanence: understanding that objects have a continued existence when they disappear from view. |
EXTRA QUESTION Describe Piaget's Preoperational stage | --Characterized by egocentric thought. --Children cannot adopt alternative viewpoints; they cannot think from another person’s perspective. |
EXTRA QUESTION Describe Piaget's Concrete operational stage | --Children are able to adopt alternative viewpoints. --Conservation task: pour water from short, wide glass into tall, thin one --Concrete operational child understands the amount of water stays the same. |
EXTRA QUESTION Describe Piaget's Formal Operational stage | --Child is not limited to concrete thinking. --Child can reason abstractly and logically. |
EXTRA QUESTION What is a Utopia? | A utopia is simply a society with perfect social, political, and moral aspects... which is believed to create heaven on earth. example she gave was Peter Pan |
EXTRA QUESTION What is Dystopia? | Dystopia Big government and military, evil government leader Inequality Segregated and oppressed society Underlying message of despair and warning examples she gave was Hunger Games and Fahrenheit 451 |
EXTRA QUESTION What is positive psychology book definition | explores "positive emotions, positive character traits and enabling institutions" they ask can psychology contribute to a good life that engages ones skill and a meaningful life that points beyond oneself |
EXTRA QUESTION When was Harvard Founded? | 1636 |
EXTRA QUESTION What is Franz Messner famous for? | 1774 and hypnosis |
EXTRA QUESTION Who got rid of chaining people naked to walls, etc and paved a better way for mental institutes? | 1793 Philippe Pinel |
EXTRA QUESTION Who got a rod stuck in his head and became an angry horrible person? | Phineas Gage |
EXTRA QUESTION What is Charles Darwin famous for? | 1858 Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection |
EXTRA QUESTION What is Alred Kinsey famous for? | 1948 Sexual Behavior of Human Male |
EXTRA QUESTION What is Carl Rogers famous for? | 1951 Client Centered Theory |
EXTRA QUESTION What is Abraham Maslow famous for? | 1954 Hierarchy of Needs |
EXTRA QUESTION What are Maslows Hierachy of needs? | Physiological Safety Love/Belonging Esteem Self Actualization |
EXTRA QUESTION What is Albert Bandura famous for? | 1969 Principles of Behavior Modification for BOBO DOLL experiment |
EXTRA QUESTION What was the first state to allow psychologist to prescribe certain drugs? | New Mexico in 2002 |
EXTRA QUESTION What is the oldest part of the brain? | Brain stem |
EXTRA QUESTION What is circadian rhythm? | 24 hour cycles internal biological clock that keeps system working |
EXTRA QUESTION TRUE or FALSE Does culture influence sleep? | FALSE |
EXTRA QUESTION What are the 5 stages of sleep? | Stage 1 Drowsiness (5-10min) Stage 2 Light Sleep (Sleep Cycle begins) Stage 3 Deep/Delta Sleep Stage 4 Also Deep Sleep Stage 5 REM |
EXTRA QUESTION Who was the first psychologist? | PLATO 387 |
What is the Books definition for consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environement |
hindsight bias | the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it |