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Rad Biology
Midterm Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reproductive age for females? | 12-50 years old |
| Delay in mitosis = 1 rad = ___ = ___ | .01Gy = 1 cGy |
| Hematologic depression at 25 rad = ____ | 0.25 Gy |
| Decrease in neutrophils/platelets is 50 rad = ___ | .5 Gy |
| Decrease in sper count at 10 rad = ___ | .1 Gy |
| Temporary sterility at 250 rad = ___ | 2.5 Gy |
| Erythema at 200 rad = ____ | 2 Gy |
| Testes - permanent sterility at 500 rad = ___ | 5 Gy |
| Testes - Impotence at 3000 rad = ___ | 30 Gy |
| Delayed menstruation at 0.1 Gy = ___ | 10 rad |
| Ovaries - temporary sterility at 205 Gy = ____ | 250 rad |
| Ovaries - permanent sterility at 5.5 Gy = ____ | 550 rad |
| Annual wholde body occupational exposure is 5000 mrem = ____ | 50 mSv (5000mrem = 5 rem = .05Sv = 50mSv) |
| A film badge can measure up to 2000 mrem = 2 rem = ___ = ___ | .02 Sv = 20 mSv |
| Convert 45 rem to mSv: | 450 mSv (45 rem = .45 Sv = 450 mSv) |
| Convert 2 rem to mSv: | 20 mSv (2 rem = .02 Sv = 20 mSv) |
| Convert 34.5 rad to cGy: | 34.5 cGy (34.5 rad = .345 Gy = 34.5 cGy) |
| Convert 8.3 rad to cGy: | 8.3 cGy (8.3 rad = .083 Gy = 8.3 cGy) |
| QF of x-rays = ___ | 1 |
| QF of gamma = ___ | 1 |
| QF of alpha = ___ | 20 |
| WF of x-rays/gamma = ___ | 1 |
| WF of alpha rad = ___ | 20 |
| The focusing cup is located on the ____ side. | cathode |
| The focusing cup contains the ____. | filament |
| The filament is made of ____. | tungsten |
| Why is the filament made of tungsten? | high melting point and high atomic number |
| During thermionic emission, electrons travel at ____. | 1/2 the speed of light |
| X-rays production exits the tube housing traveling at what speed? | speed of light (3 x 10^8 m/s) |
| What is it when an electron comes close to the nucleus and it slows down and deviates from its course? | Brems (braking) radiation |
| What projectile electron interacts with the inner shell electron? | characteristic |
| What is another name for Characteristic radiation? | Cascading |
| What is it called when the incoming photon is totally transferred to the K-shell electron (totally absorbed)? | PE absorption |
| What type of interaction is responsible for contrast? | photoelectric absorption |
| Patient scatter is due to what type of interction? | Compton |
| What are three other names for Compton scatter? | incoherent, modified and inelastic |
| What are other names for classic scatter? | coherent, unmodified and elastic |
| Pair production and photodesintegration are very important in diagnostic radiography T or F? | false (important in nuclear med) |
| What is the range for a pocket ionization chamber? | 0-200 mR (200 mRem, in body) |
| What is the best field survey dosimeter for alpha? | GM counter |
| Which field survey dosimeter is sensitive most for x-ray/gamma? | scintilation counter |
| Which occupational dosimter is most sensitive? | OSL |
| OSL is sensitive to what measurement? | 1mrem (.01 mSv) |
| Which dosimeter is sensitive to 5 mrem? | TLD |
| Which type of dosimeter releases a light source? | OSL, TLD, scintilator |
| What is the first phase of mitosis? | Prophase (interphase is the resting point) |
| Four phases of mitosis? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (PMAT) |
| Free radicals in water can produce ___ ___? | hydrogen peroxide |
| The primary action of x-rays on humans? | indirect |
| According to NCRP #93, the averge annual dose for humands is ___. | 360 mrem |
| According to NCRP #160, the average annual dose for humans is ___ | 620 mrem |
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