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Sams SCEINCE EXAM
Sams EXAM STUDY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What two states of matter have definite volumes? | Solids and liquids |
| Why is heat transferred better through a solid than in a gas? | Particles gain kinetic energy and collide to transfer energy, and that is easier when they are closely packed. |
| Elements and compounds to the left of the arrow are called ___ and those to the right are ____ in chemical equations. | Reactants and products. |
| What is a heterogeneous mixture? | A mixture in which the solute and solvent are not fully combined. |
| What is a homogeneous mixture? | A mixture in which the solute and solvent are fully combined, making it a complete solution. |
| What is a colloid? | A compound that is immersed in another substance. |
| What is a suspension? | A fluid containing solid particles. |
| Compare the strength and distance of strong force and electrical force. | Strong force is stronger, but only works when it is in close contact. Electrical force is weaker, yet goes over a greater distance. |
| Give an example of conduction. | Hot coffee in a styrofoam cup because it involves physical interaction. |
| Give an example of radiation. | The sun because it transfers heat in electromagnetic waves. |
| Give an example of convection. | A fireplace because it is the up and down movement of heat. |
| What do all elements want? | 8 electrons in their outer energy levels. |
| What is an oxidation number? | The number of electrons lost, gained, or shared. |
| Explain the difference between ionic and covalent bonding and the types of elements they involve. | Ionic bonding is between two metals and electrons are lost or gained. Covalent is between two nonmetals and electrons are shared. |
| Explain the rules used in naming ionic compounds. | Write the name of the metal, then the nonmetal. |
| Explain the rules of naming covalent compounds. | Start with the prefix (least abundant) then add the remaining element as the suffix. |
| What do Greek prefixes represent? | The number of atoms. |
| What does the symbol "aq" represent? | A substance dissolved in water. |
| In a chemical reaction, when is energy released or absorbed? | When bonds are formed, energy is absorbed. When bonds are broken, energy is released. |
| What is this an example of: AB+-->A+B | Decomposition. |
| What is this an example of? A+B-->AB | Synthesis. |
| What is produced in a neutralization of an acid and a base? | Water and a salt. |
| What is this: A+B-->AB+C | Single-displacement. |
| What is this: A+O2-->AO2 and what does it mean? | It is a combustion reaction that represents heat and light. |
| What does an acid and a base produce when mixed in water? | Acid produces H30 and a base produces OH. |
| What is this: AB+BD-->AC+BD | Double-displacement. |
| When does an acid classified as weak on the pH scale? | 4 and up. |
| What is a neutral substance and what is its number on the pH scale? | Milk, it's number is 7. |
| What is the most basic substance--classified on the number 14--on the pH scale? | Drain cleaner. |
| What colors do acids and bases turn when an indicator is used? | Acids-red. Bases-blue. |
| Describe two forces that act on a nucleus. | Strong force--powerful at short range. Electrical force--weaker at a long distance. |
| What makes an element radioactive? | An atomic number above 78, and when the strong force is weaker than the electrical force. (Strong force<electrical force) |
| How are the molecules in a solid arranged? | In a crystal lattiss. |
| What is it called when a solid goes straight to a gas? Does it absorb or release energy? | Sublimation, and it absorbs energy. |
| What is it called when a liquid turns into a gas? Does it absorb or release energy? | Vaporization, and it absorbs. |
| Describe the attractive forces between atoms in solids, liquids, and gases at room temperature. | Solids have the greatest force over than liquids and gases at room temp. |
| What does a nucleus contain? | Protons and neutrons. |
| What does an atomic number tell about an element? | How many protons, neutrons, and electrons it contains. The atomic number never changes. |
| What is the name of Ba(Clo3)2? | Barium chloride. |
| What is the name of AlCl3? | Aluminum chloride. |
| What is the name of CuO? | Copper (II) oxide. |
| How do you balance an equation? | The numbers bounce back and forth--you make sure every coefficient multiplies to equal the number of each element. If nothing is equal, double everything. |
| What is HCI? | Hydrochloric acid. |
| What is H2SO4? | Sulphoric acid. |
| What is Ca(OH2)? | Carbonic hydroxide. |
| What is KNO3? | Potassium nitrate. |
| Where on the pH scale is a base classified as strong? | Above 10. |
| What is a weak acid and what is it's number on the pH scale? | Tomatoes, which are a 5. |
| What is a strong acid and what is it's number on the pH scale? | Soda, which is a 2. |
| Why do lakes with limestone have less effects from acid rain than lakes with granite. | Acid rain reacts with limestone and it neutralizes. |
| What is the difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission? | Nuclear fusion is taking two small masses (nuclei) and combining them to form energy. Fission takes a large mass (nucleus) and splits it to form energy. |
| What are some possible problems if exposed to radioactive decay? | Disease, harm to cells, deformations. |
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jiffypb
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