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Science
Final Exam Study
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fossil Fuels | Fuels such as petroleum, oil, or natural gas that comes from dead plants and animals |
| Pertoleum | Highly flammable liquid formed by ancient decaying plants or organisms |
| Non-Renewable Resource | A resource that can not be replaced by natural processes as quickly as they are used |
| Nuclear Reactor | Uses energy generated from nuclear reactions to create energy |
| Nuclear Waste | Any radioactive byproduct that results when radioactive materials are used |
| Renewable Resource | A resource that can be replaced by natural processes as quickly as they are used |
| Hydroelectricity | Electricity produced from the energy of moving water |
| Geothermal Energy | The thermal energy that is contained in hot magma |
| Biomass Incineration | Renewable organic matter such as wood, sugarcane, rice and animal manure that is burned for fuel |
| Photo-voltaic Cell | Converts radiant energy from the sun directly into electrical energy |
| Coal | A solid fossil fuel that is foamed in mines and comes in bituminous, Anthracite |
| Thermal Energy | Sum of kinetic and potential energy of particles in an object |
| Energy | The ability to do work and cause change, also move, or heat, light and object |
| Tidal Energy | Energy harnessed from the moment of the current to create electricity |
| Fuel Cell | A cell producing an electric current directly from a chemical reaction |
| Static Electricity | The accumulation of eccess electric charge on an object |
| Law of Conservation of Charge | Charge can be transferred from one object to another but it cant be created or destroied |
| Conductor | A material that allows electrons to move through easily |
| Insulator | A material that doesn't allow electrons to move through easily |
| Charging by Contact | The process of transferring charge by touching or rubbing |
| Charging by Induction | The Re-Arrangement of electrons on a neutral object caused by a near object |
| Voltage Difference | Related to the force that causes electric charges to flow |
| Circit | A closed path that electrons are allowed to flow through |
| Resistance | Tendency for a material to oppose electron flow making light and heat |
| Ohms Law | The current in a circuit Equuleus the voltage difference divided by resistance |
| Series Circit | The current has only one loop to flow through, meaning one part unplug all dies |
| Parallel Circit | Contains two or more loops for the current to flow through |
| Electrical Power | Electric Power = Current * Voltage Difference or P = V * I |
| Electrical Energy | Electric Energy = Electric Power * Time or E = P * T |
| Electric Current | the net moment of electrons in a single direction |
| Acid Rain | Any form of precipitation that falls from the sky that is acidic on the PH scale |
| Biosphere | All living organisms and the environments that they live in |
| Lithosphere | The earth, sediment, rock, and dead decomposing organisms that make up ground |
| Hydrosphere | Water sources such as likes, rivers, swamps, oceans, and all other bodies of water |
| Atmosphere | All of the gasses that make up the air we breath |
| Global Warming | A increase in the average global temperature as much as 0.01 percent |
| El Nino | Warming of the pacific ocean off the coast of western south america that happens every 3-10 years |
| La Nina | The trade winds in the pacific are strong and ocean temps are cooler than normal |
| Greenhouse Effect | The emission of infrared waves by gases in earths atmosphere |
| Climate | The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period |
| Eutrophication | The ecosystem response to the addition of artificial or natural substances, such as nitrates and phosphates, through fertilizers or sewage, to an aquatic system. |
| Smog | Fog or haze intensified by smoke or other atmospheric pollutants. |
| Polutant | Taste matter that contaminates the water or air or soil and can harm our health |
| Nitrates | Sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate used as a fertilizer |
| Phosphates | Phosphoric acid in which the acid group is bound to nitrogen or a carboxyl group in a way that permits useful energy to be released |