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Research Methods Ia

questions for exam I

QuestionAnswer
What are the different ways of knowing? Empirical and Non-Empirical.
What are non-empirical methods? Authority and Logic.
What are empirical methods? Intuition and Science.
What are the characteristics of science? Since is Empirical,Objective, Self Correcting, Progressive, Tentative, Parsimonious, and concerned with Theory.
What are the assumptions of science? Realism, Rationality, Regularity,Discoverability, and Causality.
What are the Goals of science? Description, Discovering Laws, and Search for Causes.
What are theories? Theories, broadly, is a statement or set of statements about the relationships among variables. Narrowly, a theory is a statement or a set of statements about relationship among variables that includes at least one concept that is not directly observed.
What are the roles of theories? To: Organize knowledge and explain new laws, Predict new laws, and Guide research.
What are the four scales of measurementfrom least to most informative? Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and ratio.
What types of variables are there? Frequency, Rate, Duration,Latency, Topography, Force, and Locus.
What is Reliability? Consistency of of measurement across different occasions or situations.
What types of validity are there? Construct: Face, Content, and Criterion (convergent/discriminant).
What types of reliability are there? Test re-test, and Internal consistency.
How can you increase reliability? Number of items, high variation, clear instruction, and optimal testing situations.
What is random error? Variability in the DV not associated with the IV.
What is Systemic error? Errors associated with the IV.
What are the three components of and observed score? Measurement type, reliability, and validity?
What are the threats to Internal Validity? History, Maturation, Testing, Regression to the Mean, Mortality, and Selection(subject variables).
What are the threats to external Validity? Subjects, Times, Settings.
What are the threats to Construct Validity? Loose connections, Ambiguous effects (Good subject tendency, Evaluation Apprehension.)
What is the Hawthorne effect? A form of reactivity whereby subjects improve or modify an aspect of their behavior being experimentally measured simply in response to the fact that they know they are being studied.
What is power? The probability that a statistical test will find a significant difference when there actually is a difference in the population from which the data is being drawn.
What are demand characteristics? refers to an experimental artifact where participants form an interpretation of the experiment's purpose and unconsciously change their behavior to fit that interpretation
Created by: 1288002292
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