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BC Pharm Unit 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Analgesic | A drug or medicine given to reduce pain without resulting in loss of consciousness. Analgesics are sometimes referred to as painkiller medications |
| Equidosing | Dosing required to get same therapeutic effect with different drug |
| Neuropathic Pain | Pain that results from a disturbance of function or pathologic change in a nerve. |
| Phantom Pain | Pain experienced in the area of a body part that has been surgically or traumatically removed. |
| Referred Pain | Pain occurring in an area away from the organ of origin |
| Somatic Pain | Pain that originates from skeltal muscles, ligaments, or joints. |
| Vascular Pain | Pain that results from a patholoty of the vascular or perivascular tissues (Migraine headaches). |
| Visceral Pain | Pain that originates from organs or smooth muscles. |
| Breakthrough Pain | In patients who have moderate to severe pain, two components are usually present: persistent pain (lasting 12 or more hours/day) and breakthrough pain (BTP), a transitory flare of pain of moderate to severe intensity occurring on a background of otherwise |
| Acute Pain | Pain that is sudden in onset, usually subsides when treated, and typically occurs over less than a 6 week period. |
| Chronic Pain | Persistent or recurring pain that is often difficult to treat. Typically it is pain that lasts longer than 3 months. |
| Pain Tolerance | The amount of pain a patient can endure without its interfering with normal function. |
| Pain threshold | The level of a stimulus that results in the perception of pain. |
| Physical dependence | The physical adaptation of the body to the presence of an opioid or other addictive substance. |
| Addiction | Psychologic dependence on a substance, usually resulting from habitual use, that is beyond normal voluntary control. |
| Non-pharmacologic pain treatment | Massage, heat/cold, imagery, biofeedback, acupuncture |
| Non-opioid agent | Tylenol |
| Non-opioid agent -Mechanism of action | Pain - Blocks prostaglandins and peripheral pain impulses. Fever - direct action on hypothalamus |
| Non-opioid agent - Indications for Tylenol | Mild to moderate pain. Fever. Osteoarthritis (no anti-inflammatory properties). |
| Non-opioid agent - Side effects of Tylenol | Liver impairment, nausea, vomiting |
| Non-opioid agent - Tylenol dosing | 4 G (4000 mg) / 24 hours |
| Non-Opioid Agent - Tylenol Antidote for overdose | Mucamist every 4 hours - 17 doses |
| Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS) mechanism of action | Acts in the arachidonic acid pathway. Blocks cyclo-oxygenase and prostaglandins, thereby lowering mediators thereby reducing inflammation and pain. |
| Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS) - Therapeutic effects | decrease inflammation, decrease pain, decrease temperature. |
| Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS) - Indications | Inflammation, pain, fever, Rheumatoid arthritis/Osteoarthritis, Gout |
| Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS) - Dosing of Motrin | Adult maximum: 3.2 G/ 24 hours |
| Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS) - Primary organ affected | kidneys |
| Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS) - examples | Aspirin (ASA), Motrin (ibuprofen), Toradol (ketorolac), and Celebrex (COX-2, which has NSAID properties without GI side-effects) |
| Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents (NSAIDS) - side effects | GI upset, bleeding. Renal effects |
| Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents (NSAIDS) - Precautions/Contraindications | Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), Motrin (ibuprofen) use with aspirin (platelet aggregation inhibitor) |
| Opiod Analgesics - mechanism of action | Binds to pain receptors in brain. Agents are receptor specific. |
| Opioid Analgesics - therapeutic effect | lowers pain |
| Opioid Analgesics - indications | Moderate to severe pain, cough suppresion, adjunct to anesthesia. |
| Opioid Analgesics - precautions/contraindications | Respiratory insufficiency, slowed GI motility, hypotension |
| Opioid Analgesics - side effects | Sedation, Nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression, hypotension |
| Opioid Analgesics - Agonist (used in over dose) | Narcan (naloxone) |
| Opioid Analgesics | Codeine, Darvocet-N 100 (propoxyphene/acetaminophen), Demerol (meperidine), Dilaudid (hydromorphone), Fentanyl, Morphine, Vicodin |
| Opioid Analgesics - Fentanyl | Actiq - lollipop, Duragesic - topical patch, Sublimaze - IV |
| Migraine Headaches - precipitating factors | Stress/emotion, Hormones - estrogen, Alcohol, Cocaine, Caffeine, Chocolate, MSG |
| Migraine Headache - effect | Lowers serotonin in brain and body. Cerebral vasodilation and inflammatory response thereby increasing blood flow in brain. |
| Migraine Headache - associated symptoms | Photophobia, Phonophobia, Nausea, Vomiting, Aura |
| Migraine Headache - prophylaxis treatment | Beta blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Tricyclic antidepressant, NSAIDs |
| Migraine Headache - pharmacological treatment -Selective serotonin agonist | "triptan" - Imitrex (sumatriptan) |
| Migraine headache - pharmacological treatment - Ergot alkaloid | Ergostat (ergotamine tartrate) |
| Migraine headache - Pharmacological treatment - Alpha agonist | ProAmatine (midodrine) |
| Gout - Pharmacological treatment | Zyloprim (allopurinol) |
| Osteoarthritis - Pharmacological treatment | Tylenol (acetaminophen) |
| Fever - Pharmacological treatment | Aspirin (ASA), Motrin (ibuprofen), Tylenol (acetaminophen) |
Created by:
kmstj
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