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Physical Science
AHS Final Physical Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| weight | The force with which gravity pulls on a quantity of matter is referred to as weight |
| Conversion factor | The ratio of an equivalent measurement is used to convert a quantity expressed in one unit to another unit |
| Scientific Method | A series of logical steps that is followed in order to solve a problem |
| Kelvin | The SI unit for measuring temperature |
| Evaporation | the change of state from a liguid gas |
| Solid | the state of matter that will hold its shape |
| Condensation | when a gas becomes a liquid |
| Pressure decreases | as the temperature of a gas at constant volume decreases |
| Energy is released | when a liquid freezes to form a solid |
| Pressure increases | as the volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature decreases |
| Energy is absorbed | when a substance changes from a liquid to a gas during evaporation |
| Pressure is calculated | by dividing force by the area over which the force is exerted |
| The kinetic theory | the higher the temperature, the faster the particles that make up a substance move |
| Gay-Lussac's Law | is the gas law that relates temperature and pressure of a gas |
| Boyle's Law | relates the pressure of a gas to its volume |
| Charles's Law | relates the volume of a gas to it temperature |
| Ice floats in water | because it is less dense than water |
| Sublimation | is the change of a substance from a solid directly to a gas |
| The Law of Conservation Energy | a substance has the same energy before and after a change of state |
| Solid | a state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape |
| Viscosity | the resistance of a fluid to flow |
| Burning | causes a chemical change |
| Density | a physical property (e.g. gold) |
| Dissolving Salt | results in a mixture |
| Chemical change | when new substances form, digesting food is an example |
| Helium | is used in balloons because it is lighter than air |
| Oxygen | the chemical element that is most abundant in the human body |
| Mixture | when the different substances in a mixture keep their properties |
| Iron | is an element |
| Ions | atoms that gain or lose electrons |
| Metals | are most elements on the left side of the periodic table |
| Carbon and other non metals | appear on the right side of the table |
| Valence Electrons | are elements that belong to the same group, and determine an atom's chemical properties |
| Anions | are not a family in the periodic table, but are formed by Group 17 elements |
| Sodium | is an element that is an alkali metal |
| Metals | are good conductors of heat |
| non metals | most are brittle |
| silicon | is an element that is a semiconductor |
| Semiconductors | are elements that can conduct heat and electricity under certain conditions. |
| Noble gases | exist as single atoms rather than as molecules |
| Alkali metals | are extremely reactive because they have one valence electron that is easily removed to form a positive ion |
| Becoming less metallic | happens when you move from left to right across the periodic table |
| Potassium | is an alkali metal that is highly reactive as it has only one valence electron |
| Atom's Mass Number | is the amount of protons plus the number of neutrons |
| 2Mg+02 ---> 2Mg0 | magnesium + oxygen ----> magnesium oxide |
| NaCI + H2S)4 ---> Na2S04 + HCI | this is not a balanced equation |
| NaCI + AgF ---> NaF + AgCI | this equation represents a double-displacement reaction between sodium chloride and silver fluoride |
| Heating the Solvent | will result in the solute dissolving more quickly |
| Olive oil | is an example of a non polar molecule |
| The size of particles | determines whether a mixture is a suspension or a colloid |
| Polar | when a molecule that has partially charged positive and negative areas |
| Suspension | a mixture that separates into different layers when you stop stirring it |
| the pH of a solution | measures the concentration of H3O+ ions |
| Apple Juice, pH=3 | is the solution most acidic |
| pH of 5 | 0.00001 M solution of the strong acid HCI has this pH level |
| Nuclear chain reaction | occurs when excess neutrons collide with other nuclei |
| An advantage of nuclear energy | does not produce air pollution |
| Newton's 3rd Law of Motion | action and reaction forces |
| an object that is accelerating | may be slowing down, gaining speed, and or changing direction |
| an object is At Rest | is shown by a horizontal line on a distance-time graph |
| Newton's 2nd Law of motion | the acceleration of an object equals the net force acting on the object divided by the object's mass |
| 2m/s2 | is the acceleration of an individual who increases his speed from 1m/second to 3m/second in a period of 1 second |
| 17.25N | is the weight of an infant whose mass is 1.76.kg |
| -6m/s2 | is the object's acceleration rate if that object is moving at 30m/s and takes 5 seconds to stop |
| Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation | this law states that there is a force of attraction between all objects in the Universe |
| 6m/s2 | the acceleration number of an object if a force of 12N is applied to it with a mass of 2kg |
| -8.89m/s2 | the acceleration number if a parachute on a racing dragster opens and changes the speed of a car from 85m/s to 45m/s in a period of 4.5 seconds |
Created by:
tbostwick
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