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OSHA TERMS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolute Pressure | Gauge Pressure plus atmosperic pressure (psia) |
| Absorbtion | To take internally into the body through the contact with the skin surface |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | An organization of professional personnel in governmental agencies or educational institutions enganged in occupational safety and health programs.ACGIH develops exposure limits for hundreds of chemical substances and physical agents. |
| Acid or Ammonia Suits | Special protective clothing that prevents toxic or corrosive substances or vapors from coming. |
| Acute Effect | An adverse effect to a human or animal body, caused by exposure to a chemical or physical agent, with syptoms developing rapidly. Also see chronic |
| Acute Toxicity | The adverse effects resulting for a single dose or exposure to a substance |
| Aerator | A device for introducing air into dry bulk solids to improve flowability |
| Aerosol | A Dispersion of particles of microscopic size in a gaseous medium. Particles may be solid (dust, fume, or smoke) or liquid (mist or fog) |
| Agency Representation | Individual assigned to an incident from an assissting or cooperationg agency who has been delegated full authority to make decisions on all matters affecting that agency's paticipation at the incedent. |
| Agency | Representatives report to the incedent liaison officer |
| Airbill | A shipping paper prepared from a bill of lading that accompanies each piece of an air shipment. |
| Air invasion | A meteorological condition in the earths atmosphere in which the temperature of the air some distance above the earth is higher than the surface. THis traps air and releases gases and vapors near the surface, which impends their dispersion. |
| Air-Reactive Materials | Substances that will ignite at normal temperatures when exposed to air. |
| Allocated Resources | Resources that will ignite at normal temperatures when exposed to air. |
| Ambient Temperature | The normal temperature of the environment. |
| Anergolic Mixture | A mixture of fuel and oxidizer which will not ignite on contact but which require an outside source of ignition. |
| Asphyxiant | A vapor or gas which can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocation |
| Asphyxiating Materials | Substances that can cause death by displacing the oxygen in the air |
| Assigned Resources | Resources checked in and assigned work task on an incident |
| Assisting Agency | An angency directly contributing suppression, rescue, support, or sevice resources to another agency. |
| Avaliable Resources | Resources assigned to an incident and avaliable for an assignment. |
| Baffle | An intermediate partial bulkhead which reduces the surge effect in a partially loaded tank. |
| Barrel | 42 US gallons |
| Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) | A major container failure, into two or more pieces, at a momentin time when the contained liquid is at a temperturewell above its boiling point at normal atmospheric pressures. |
| Blow-Down Valve | A manually operated valve whose function is to quickly reduce tank pressure to atmospheric pressure. |
| Boiling-Point | The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure. The boiling point is an important indicator of the vapor pressure of a substance. A liquid with a low boiling point has a higher pressure. This has tendancy to BLEVE |
| Boilover | The violent expulsion of oil and froth from a tank due to rapid expansion of water into steam when the heat wave in the oil reaches the water layer, usually suspended toward the bottom of a tank of heavy unrefined oil |
| Branch | That organizational level having functional or geographic responsibility for major segments of incident of incident operations. The branch level is organizationally between section and division/group. |
| Breakthrough | The penetration of material or materials through a gas or vapor air purifying element or fabric. The quantity or extent of breakthrough during service life testing is often referred to as the percentage of the input concentration |
| Breakthrough time | The time it takes a specific chemical to pass through protective clothing referenced by manufacturer test data. |
| Bulk Container | A cargo container, such as that attached to a tank truck or tank car, used for transporting materials in bulk quantities. |
| Bulkhead | A structure used to protect against damage caused by shifting cargo and or to separate loads. |
| Bulk Plant | That portion of a property where flammable or combustible liquids are recieved by tank vessel, pipe line,tank cars, or tank vehicle, and are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tank vessel. |
| Bung | A cap or screw used to cover the small opening in the top of a metal drum or barrel |
| Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | Organization which indexes informatio published in chemical abstracts by the American Chemical Sciety and provides index guides in which information |
| Capacity Indicator | Devices installed on a tank to indicate capacity at a specific level sometimes called markers |
| Carboy | A bottle or rectangular container for liquids of about 5 to 15 gallon capacity tht is made of glass, plastic, or metal and is often cushioned in a protective container |
| Carcinogens | Cancer producing substances |
| Cargo Manifest | A shipping paper that contains all of the contents being carried by the transporting vehicle or vessel |
| Check-In | Locations where assigned resources check in at an incedent the locations are incident command post, incedent base camps, staging areas, heli bases, and division supervisers |
| Chemical Properties | Properties of a material that relate to toxicity, flammability, or chemical reactivity |
| Chemical transportation | Telephone hotline for chemical emergencies open for 24 emergency hours every day. |
| Chronic Effects | An adverse effect on a human or animal body with sypotoms which develop slowly over a long period of time and exposure to a chemical or physical agent |
| Chronic Toxicity | Adverse effect resulting from repeated doses of or exposures to a substance over a reletivly prolonged period of time ordinarily used to denote effects in experimental animals |
| Cleanout fitting | Fitting installed in the top of a tank to faccilitate washing of the tank interior |
| Code of federal regulations (CFR) | The formal name given to those books or documents that contain the specific regulations provided for by the law |
| Cold Zone | Contains the command post and such other support functions as are deemed necessary to control the incedent this is also referred to as the clean zone |
| Combustion or combustibile liquid | Any liquid with a flashpoint above 100 degrees F and below 200 degrees F |
| Communication unit | A vehicle used to provide the major part of an incident communication center |
| Combustion | An oxidation reaction in which heat and light are produced |
| Command | The act of dircting ordering ad controlling resources by virtue of explicit legal agency or delegated authority |
| Command Staff | COnsists of the information officer, safety officer, and liaison officer who report directly to the incident commander |
| Compatible | Having no undesireble reaction with or upon another material |
| Compressed Gas | Any materia or mixture having in the container absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70 degrees F or having an abolute pressure exceeding 104 psig at 130 degrees F |
| COmpressed Gas in Solution | A non liquified gas that is dissolved at high pressure in a solvent |
| Concentration | The reletive amount of a substance when combined or mixed with another substance |
| Confinement | THose procedures taken to keep a material in a defined or local area |
| Consignee | Person who is to recieve the shipment |
| Consist | A rail shipping paper similar to a cargo manifest. It may contain a list of cars containing hazardous materials and their location on the train. |
| Container | An article of trasport equipment which is of a permanent character and strong enough for repeated use specificly designed to facillitate the carrige of goods by one or more modes of transport without intermidiate reloading |
| Container Ship | A ship specially equipped to transport large freight containers in horizontal or more commonly in vertical container cells. The containers are loaded and unloaded usually automatically by special cranes. |
| Container specification number | a number found on a shipping container preceeded by DOT which indicates that the container has been built according to federal specifications |
| containment | those procedures taken to keep the material in its container |
| contamination | staining or polluting that occurs by physical contact with another subtance. |
| Contaminants | any substance accidentally or unwillingly introduced into air water or food products which has the effects of rendering them toxic or otherwise harmful |
| control | the procedures techniques and methods used in mitigation of a hazardous materials incident including containment extinguishment and confinement |
| Control agents | any material that is used to contain or extinguish a hazardous material or its vaporzzzzz |
| control zones | the designation of areas at a hazardous materials incident based on safety and the degree of hazard many terms are used to describe the zones used in a hazardous materials incident |
| cooperating agency | an agency supplying assistance other than direct suppression, rescue, support, or service functions to the incident control effort. |
| corrective actions | actions taken by the incident commander to correct the problem at hand in a hazardous materials emergency. |
| corrosive material | any liquid or solid that can destroy human skin tissue : a liquid that has a severe corrosive rate on steel |
| crossover line | installed in tank piping system to allow unloading from either side of a tank |
| cryogens | gases that must be cooled to a very low temperature in order to bring about a change from a gas to a liquid |
| Dangerous Cargo Manifest | Cargo manifest used on ships that contains a list of all the hazardous materials on board including there location |
| Decomposition | Breakdown of a material or substance into parts, elements or similar compounds |
| Decontamination | The physical or chemical process of reducing and preventing the spread of contamination from persons and equipment from persons and equipment used at hazardous materials incidents |
| Deflagration | An explosion characterized by rapid combustion rather than a detonation. The burning which takes place at aspeed below the velocity of sound |
| Degradation | A type of decomposition characteristic of high molecular weight substances such as proteins, polymers, branched-chained sulfonates etc. It may result from oxidation, heat, sunlight, solvents, material action, or in the case of proteins, microorganisms |
| Department of transportation (DOT) | Agency responsible for shipping regulations for hazardous materials products in the United States |
| Dermal | Used or applied on skin |
| Dermal Toxicity | Adverse effects resulting from skin exposure to a substance. Ordinarily used to denote effects in experimental animals. |
| Detonation | A wave that passes along the body of an explosive, instantaneously converting the explosive into a gas |
| Detonators | A small pyrotechnuc device used to detonate a larger amount of explosive |
| Dikes | Temporary walls constructed to halt the flow of a liquid substance; earthen or concrete walls surrounding oil tanks designed to catch overflow from tanks and relieve the danger of flowing flammable liquids spreading to other exposures |
| Dispatch | The implementation of a command decision to move a resource or resources from one place to another |
| Dispatch Center | A facility from which respurces are directly assigned to an incedent |
| Disposible Respirators | A respirator that is disgarded after the end of its recommended period of use, or after deemed unsuitable for further use |
| Dome | The circular fixture on the top of a tank or car that contains valves and relief devices |
| Dust | A solid, mechanically produced particle with a size ranging from submicroscopic to microscopic. |
| Emergency Shutoff Levers | A mean of operating a valve that stops the flow of a liquid |
| Endangered Persons | Those persons who are in the exposures area created by a hazardous materials incident |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) | A federal Agency with environmental protection regulatory and enforcement authority, Administators Clean Air Act, CLean Water Act, and other federal environmental laws |
| Escape Only Respirator | Respiratory devices designed for use only during escape from hazardous atmosperes |
| Etiologic Agent | A living micro-organism that may cause human disease |
| Evaporation Rate | The rate at which a particular material wil vaporize, as compared to the rate of vaporization of a known material |
| Excess Flow Valve | A safety valve designed to shut off the flow of a liquid when the rate exceeds a set rate |
| Explosions | The sudden release of energy, usually in the form of large volumes of gas which exert pressure on the surrounding medium. THe explosions may be deflagrations or detonations |
| Explosives | Any substance or article, including a device, that is designed to function by explosion or that, by chemical reaction within itself, is able to function by explosion |
| Explosive Bolts | Small pyrotechnic devices used to separate or release parts of equipment |
| Explosive Limits | All concentrations of a mxture of flammable vapor or gas in air, usually expressed in percent by volume, in which a flash will occur or a flame will travel if the mixture is ignited |
| Exposures | People, property, or the environment that are or may be exposed to the harmful effects of a hazardous materials emergency |
| Fire Point | The lowest temperature of a liquid atwhich vapors are evoved fast enough to support continuous combustion |
| Flame Impingement | The points where flames contact the surface of a material |
| Flammable | A flammable liquid is defined by NFPA and DOT as a liquid with a flash point below 100 degrees F. |
| Flammable Gas | In order to be considered a flammable gas, a chemical must have an LFL of 13 percent or less, or a flammabe range of 12 percent |
| Flammable Limits | See explosive Limits |
| Flammable Liquids | Any liquidwith a flash point below 100 degrees F. |
| Flammable material | A substance that is capable of being easily ignited and burning rapidly |
| Flammable Range | The concentration of gas or vapor in air that will burn if ignited. It is expressed as a percentage that defines the range between a lower explosive limit and an upper explosive limt. A mixture to low is to lean and a mixture to high is to rich to burn |
| Flammable Solid | Any material, other than an explosive, that is liable to cause fires through friction, retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or that can be ignited readily and burn vigorously to cause a hazard |
| Flash point | The minimum temperature at whicha liquid gives off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with the air near the surface of the liquid |
| Flashback | Reignition of flammable liquid caused by exposure of its vapors to an ignition source |
| Floating Roof | A type of roof used on oil tanks to stop evaporation loss and reduce the fire hazard by reducing the vapor space over the liquid |
| Fork Pockets | The transverse structural apertures in the base of the container which permit entry of forklift devices |
| Formula | The conventional scientific designation for a material |
| Fuel | A material that is oxidized to produce energy |
| Fume | A solid condensation particulate, usually of a vaporized metal |
| Full Structural Protective CLothing | Including helmets, clothing, self contained breating apparatus, coats and pants for fire fighters, boots, gloves, coverage of the neck, ears, and rest of the body |
| Fusible Plugs | A safety relief device in the form of a plug of alow melting metal. THe plugs close the safety reliefdevice channel under normal conditions. Intended to melt at a set temperature to permit the escape of gas |
| Gas | A formless atmosphere which occupies completly the space or an enclosure |
| Gauge Pressure | The pressure read on a gauge which does not take atmospheric pressure into account |
| General Staff | The group of incedent management personnel |
| Gross Weight | The weight of a trailer together with the weight of its contents |
| Half life | the time required for an unstable element to lose one half of its radioactive intensity in the form of alpha beta and gamma radition. |
| Hatch Plan | A schematic drawn of the location of all cargo on a ship |
| Hazard Class | A group of materials as designated by the DOT that share |
| Hazard Sector | the function of an overall incident command system that deals with the actual mitigation of a hazardous materials incident |
| Hazard Sector Officer | the person responsible for the management of the hazard sector |
| hazard or hazardous | capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health safety environment and capable of doing harm |
| Hazardous Chemical | defined by OSHA as any chemical which is a physical hazard or a health hazard to employees |
| Hazardous material | a substance or material in any quantity or form that may pose an unreasonable risk to health, safety and property, when released from its container |
| hazardous materials response team | a group of trained personnel operating under emergency response plan and appropriate standard operating procedures to control or otherwise minimize or eliminate the hazards to people, property, or the environment from a released hazardous material |
| hazardous substance | any substance designated under the Clean Water Act and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as posing a threat to waterways and the environment when released (US EPA) |
| Hazardous Wastes | discarded materials regulated by the EPA because of public health and safety concerns. Regulatory authority is granted under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act |
| Head | the front and rear closure of a tank shell |
| Hopper | Slopping panels at bottom of tank which direct dry bulk solids to the outlet piping |
| Hotzone | the area immediatly surrounding a hazardous materials incident, which extends far enough to prevent adverse effects from hazardous material releases to personnel outside of the zone |
| Hygroscopic | The ability of a substance to absorb moisture from the air or the huma body resulting in severe burns |
| Hypergolic Mixture | The property by which a fuel and an oxidizer will ignite on contact with eachother without the need of an outside source of ignition |
| Hypergolics | Substances that spontaneously ignite on contact with each other. Many hypergolics are used as rocket fuels. |
| Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health | any atmosphere that poses an immediate hazard to life or produces immediate irreversably effects on health. |
| Igniter | A small device used to initiate the burning of combustable mixtures. |
| Ignition Temperature | The minimum temperture to which a fuel in air must be heated in order to start combustion |
| Incident | An occurance or event, either human- caused or natural phenomena, that requires action by emergency service personnel to prevent or minimize loss of life or damage to property and natural resources |
| Incident action Plan | General control objectives reflecting the overall incident strategy , and specific action plans for the next occupational period |
| Incident Command Post (ICP) | The location at which the primary command fnctions are executed |
| Incident Command System | Combination of facilities, equipment, procedures, and thecommunications operating within a common organizational structure with reponsibility for th management of asssigned stated objective pertaining to an incident. |
| Incident Commander | Person with total responsibility for all operations at a hzardous material emergency |
| Incompatible | materials which could cause dangerous reactions from direct contact with one another are described as incompatible |
| Individual Container | A cargo container, such as a box or drum, used to transport materials in small quantities |
| Inert | A substance incapable of reacting dangerously or with hazard |
| Infectious Substances | A viable microorganism, or its toxin that causes disease in humans and animals |
| Ingestion | The taking in of toxic materials through the mouth |
| Inhalation | The taking in of toxic materials by breathing in through the nose or mouth |
| Inhibitor | a chemical which added to another substance to prevent an unwanted chemical change from occuring involving hazardous materials |
| Irritant | A substance which by contact in sufficient concentration for a sufficient period of time, will cause an inflammatory response or reaction of the eye, skin, or respitory system. The contact may be single exposure or multiple exposures |
| Jacket | a metal cover which protects the tank insulation |
| Jurisdictional Agency | The agency having jurisdiction and responsibility for a specific geographical area |
| Labels | four inch square diamond markers required on individual shipping containers smaller than 640 cubic feet |
| Lethal Concentration | A concentration of a substance being tested which will kill a test animal by inhalation |
| Lethal Dose | A concentration of a substance being tested which will kill a test animal by ingestion or skin contact |
| Light Ends | Petroleum produts which have relatively low flash pooints and high vapor pressure. Common light ends are methane, ethane, propane, and butane |
| Liquefied Gas | A gas which can be liquified under moderate pressures. Common LPG's are butane and propane |
| Lower Explosive Limit | also known as LFL of vapor; the lowest cconcentration that wil produce a flash of a fire when an ignition source is present |
| Low pressure Tank | a storage tank which have been designated to operate at pressure above 0.5 psi but not more than 15 psi |
| Material Safety Data Sheets | provided by manufacturers with minimum information about chemical composition, physical and chemicl properties, and other information |
| Melting Point | The temperature at which a solid substance changes to a liquid state. For mixture, the melting range may be given |
| Miscubility | The liquids ability to mix with water |
| Monitoring Equipment | instruments and devices used to identify and quantify contaminents |
| Mutagen | a substance capable of altering the genetic material in a living cell |
| National Fire protection Association | A voluntary membership organization to promote or improve fire protection and prevention and establish safeguards against loss of life and property by fire. |
| National Interagency Incident Management Systems | Consits of five major subsystems which collectivly provide a total systems approach to all risk incident management |
| National Institure for Occupational Safety and Health | Federal Agency with amoung otherand activites tests and certifies respitory protective divices and air sampling detector tubes |
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Weather Station | Mobile weather data collection and forcasting facility which cn be utilized within the incident area |
| Nonflammable gas | Any gas that will not burn but maysupport combustion |
| Nonliquified gas | a gas that is entirely gaseous at 70 F |
| NOS | not otherwise specified |
| National response Center | A notification center which must be called when significant environmentally related accidents occur |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration | Federal agency with safety and health regulatory and enforcement authorities for most US industry and business |
| Oral | Used in or taken into the bofy through thee mouth |
| Oral toxicity | adeverse effect from taking a substance into the body via ingestion |
| Organic Peroxide | an organic derivative of the inorgaic compound hydrogen peroxide |
| Other Regulated Materials | materials that do not meet the definitions of hazardous materials but posses enough hazards that they require some regulations |
| Organic Material | A complex comound of carbon such as materials derived from liviing matter |
| Outlet Valve | The Vlave which is furthest downstream in atank piping system to which the discharge hose is attached |
| Oxidizers | a substance that yields oxygen readily to stimulate the combustion of organic or inorganic matter |
| Package Markings | The descriptive name, instructions, cautions, weight, and marks required tobe placed on outside containers of hazardous materials |
| Packaging | A broad term to describe shipping containers and any labels affiliated with them |
| Penetration | The act or process of piercing something. In protective clothing, it refers to a materials ability to be absorbed and passed into the interior of the clothing |
| Permeation | To flow throughout. |
| Permeation rate | the constant rate that occcurs after breakthrough when the chemical contact is continuous and all forces affecting permeation have reached equilibrium. |
| Permissible Exposure Limit | The maximum time weighted concentration at which 95 percent of exposed healthy adults suffer no adverse effects over a 40 hour work week |
| Personal Protectie Equipment | The equipment provided to shield or isolate a person from the chemical, physical, and thermal hazards that may be encountered at hazardous materials incident |
| pH | Indication of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance |
| Physical Properties | Those properties that do not involve a change in chemical identity but effect the physical behavior |
| Placecards | required on the transporting vehicle such as a truck, tank car, or a freight container 640 cubic feet or bigger |
| Poison | Material other than a gas that is known to be toxic to humans to cause irritaion to death |
| Polar Solvents | any flammable liquid that is miscible and destroys regular foam by mixing with the water in the foam |
| Polymerization | a chemical reaction in which one or more small compounds combine to form larger compounds |
| Parts per billion | one unit per billion units |
| Parts per million | one unit per million units |
| Pressure vehicle | a storage tank or vessel which has been designed to operate at pressures above 15 psi |
| Protective Clothing | Equipment designed to protect the wearer from heat and hazardous materials |
| Pounds per square inch | A unit measuring the pressure a material exerts on the walls of a vessel or enclosure |
| Pyrophoric | a property of a substance which permits it to ignite on contact with the air |
| Radioactive materials | materials that spontaneously emit ionizing radiation |
| Reaction | a chemical transformation or change; the interaction of two or more substances to form new substances |
| Reactive material | Substances capable of or tending to react chemically with other substances |
| Reactivity | tendancy of a material to undergo chemical reaction. Undesireble effects such as pressure build up, temperature increase, formation of noxious toxic, or corrosive byproducts may occur because of the reactivity of a substance by heating, or burning |
| Relay Emergency Valve | A combination valve in an air brake system, which controls brake application |
| Resources | All of the immediate or supportive assistance avaliable to help control an incident |
| Respiratory Protection | Equipment designed to protect the wearer from the inhalation of contaminants. |
| Respiratory System | The body's breathing system; includes the lungs and air passages |
| Response | That portion of the incident management in which personnel are involved in controlling a hazardous materials incident |
| Ring Stiffener | a circumferential tank shell stiffener which helps to maintain the tank cross section |
| Rotary Gauge | a gauge for determining theliquid level ina pressurized tank |
| Rupture Disk | A safety device which fails at a predetermined pressure and thus protects a pressure vessel from being overpressurized |
| Safety Relief Valve | A device found on pressure cargo tanks containing operating part that is held in place by spring force |
| Sensitizer | a substance which on first exposure sauses littleorno reaction in humans or test animals but on repeated exposure may cause marked response |
| Sensitization | in the indutrial setting althoughrespiratory sensitization to a few chemicals is also known to occur |
| Sheer Section | a safety feature, incorpirated in cargo tank pipiing and fittings, designed to failor break completly to prevent damge to shutoff valves or the tank itself |
| Shipping Paper | A shipping order or other shipping document issued by the carrier |
| Short-Term Exposure Limit | ACGIH terminology |
| Solublity | a measure of the amount of a substance that will dissolve in another substance |
| Solubility in water | percentage of a material by weight that will dissolve in water at an ambient temperature |
| Span-Of-Control | The supervisory ratio of from three to seven individuals with five being established as a general rule of thumb |
| Special Protective Clothing | chemical protective clothing specially desgined to protect against a specific haard or corrosive substances |
| Specific Gravity | The weight of a substance compared to the weight or equal volume of water |
| Spontaneous Combustion | the process by which a substance's temperature increases to the point of ignition without drawing heat from its surroundings |
| Stability | An expression of the ability of a material to remain unchanged |
| Staging area | That location where incident personnel and equipment are assigned on a 3-minute available status |
| Standard Transportation Commodity Code Number | A numerical code used by the rail industry on a waybill to identify the commodity |
| Stress | A state of tension put on a shipping container by internal, external, chemical, mechanical, or thermal change |
| Technical Specialist | Personnel with special skills who are activated only when needed |
| Teratogen | A substance to which exposure can result in malformations to the fetus |
| Termination | That portion of the incident management in which personnel are involved in docuenting safety procedures, site operations, hazards faced, and lessons learned from the incident |
| Threshold Limit Value | The maximum concentration that should not be exceeded |
| Threshold Limit Term Value/Short Exposure Limit | a 15 minute time weighted average exposure which shoud not be exceeded at any time, nor repeated more than 4 times daily with a rest period |
| Threshold Limit Value/Time Weighted Average | The maximum airborne concentration of a material to which an average, healthy person may be exposed repeatedly for 8 hours each day without suffering adverse effects |
| Toxic | Poisonous will cause damage to the human body when present in small amounts |
| Toxic Materials | Substances that can be poisonous if inhaled, swallowed, absorbed, or introduced onto the body through cuts |
| Toxicity | The sum of adverse effects resulting from exposure to a material |
| Unstable Materials | Substances capable of rapidly undergoing chemical changes or decomposition |
| Upper Explosive Limit | Highest concentration of a substance that will produce a flash of fire |
| Vapor | A gas given off with or without the aid, by substances that under ordinary circumstances either solid or liquid |
| Vapor Density | The weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure |
| Vapor Pressure | Pressure exerted by the vaporization of a liquid in a closed container |
| Vapor space | Space left empty inside of a tank containing liquefied gas to allow for expansion for the gas due to normal changes in temperature |
| Vaporization | The process of changing from liquid to vapor |
| Viscosity | The flow resistance of a liquid. This characteristic increases or decreases with the temperature |
| Volatility | The tendency of a liquid to vaporize |
| Warm Zone | the area where personnel and equipmentdecontamination takes place |
| Water Reactive Materials | Substances generally flammable solids that will react in varying degrees when mixed with water or when they come in contact with humid air |
| Water Soubility | The ability of a material to mix or dissolve in water |
| Waybill | THe shipping paper used by the railroads indicating origin, destination, route, and product. |
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ET SHOP
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