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Diuretics

USMLE Step 1

DrugMOA & ADRs
Acetozolamide MOA: carb. anhydrase - (- Na/H from working) weak diuretic used for open angle glaucoma; ADRs: metabolic acidosis (prevents 'mt sickness' aka respiratory alkalosis), hypoK, renal stone form, drowsiness; *Note sulfonamide w/o antibx activity*
Furosemide MOA: loop diuretic (ascending LOH, - Na/K/Cl) used for acute pulmonary edema & hyperCa (loss of Ca), CHF; ADRs: hypovol, ototoxicity, hypoK, hyperuricemia & alkalosis, dont use in sulfa allergy; *Note most common used loop diuretic*
Hydrochlorothiazide MOA: thiazide (- Na/K in distal tubule) used for HPTN, mild CHF, urinary Ca stones, diabetes insipidus; ADRs: hypovol, hypoK, hyperCa, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, only works in fxal kidneys, causes pancreatitis; *Note most widely used diuretic*
Spirolactone MOA: K sparing (- Na in CT & thus K exchange -) combined w/ thiazides or loop diuretics, 2ndary hyperaldosteronism (aldosterone antagonist)& HPTN; ADRs: gynecomastia, menstrual irregularity, hyperK, lethargy
Triamterene MOA: K sparing (- Na in CT & thus K exchange -, direct - Na/K also in late distal tubule) combined w/ thiazides or loop diuretics, 2ndary hyperaldosteronism; ADRs: gynecomastia, menstrual irregularity, leg cramps, hyperK, hyperuricemia & high BUN
Amiloride MOA: K sparing (- Na in CT & thus K exchange -, direct - Na/K also in late distal tubule) combined w/ thiazides or loop diuretics, 2ndary hyperaldosteronism; ADRs: gynecomastia, menstrual irregularity, leg cramps, hyperK, hyperuricemia & high BUN
Ethacrynic acid MOA: loop diuretic (ascending LOH, - Na/K/Cl) used for acute pulmonary edema & hyperCa (loss of Ca), CHF; ADRs: hypovol, ototoxicity, hypoK, hyperuricemia & alkalosis
Chlorothiazide MOA: thiazide (- Na/K in distal tubule) used for HPTN, mild CHF, urinary Ca stones, diabetes insipidus; ADRs: hypovol, hypoK, hyperCa, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, only works in fxal kidneys
Chlorthalidone MOA: thiazide (- Na/K in distal tubule) used for HPTN, mild CHF, urinary Ca stones, diabetes insipidus; ADRs: hypovol, hypoK, hyperCa, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, only works in fxal kidneys
Mannitol MOA: osmotic diuretic used for acute renal failure due to shock or trauma to maintain urine flow following toxic ingestion of substances & to decrease intracranial mmHg, hydrophilic agent; ADRs: not used in conditions assoc w/ Na retention
Urea MOA: osmotic diuretic used for acute renal failure due to shock or trauma to maintain urine flow following toxic ingestion of substances & to decrease intracranial mmHg, hydrophilic agent; ADRs: not used in conditions assoc w/ Na retention
Created by: jerrica_08
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