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Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Na | 135-145 |
| K | 3.5-5 |
| Ca | 9-10 |
| Cl | 95-105 |
| Mg | 1.5-2.5 |
| Ph | 2.5-4.5 |
| Lithium Therapeutic Drug Level | 0.5-1.5 |
| Digoxin Therapeutic Drug Level | 0.5-2 |
| Theophylline Therapeutic Drug Level | 10-15 |
| Dilatin(Phenytoin) Therapeutic Drug Level | 10-20 |
| Heparin, lab test & antidote | PTT (Protamine Sulfate) |
| Coumadin, lab test & antidote | PT (Vit K) |
| What do you give for Tylenol overdose? | Cetylcystine |
| What kinds of food should not be given with MAOIs? | tyramine containing foods. |
| What are examples of foods that contain tyramine? | Overripe or fermented foods. Avacados, bananas, fermented meats and sausages (salami), dried or cured fish, all cheese, yeast extract, beer, wine |
| BEAM (B1 selective) | Betaxolol, Esmolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol |
| When do you take proton pump inhibitors in relation to other meds and food? | Empty stomach 1 hour prior to other meds or food. |
| Some examples of Proton Pump Inhibitors "zole" | Esmeprazole(Nexium), Omeprazole(Prilosec), Pantoprazole(Protonix) |
| What drug is used to lower ammonia levels in the blood? | Lactulose (also used as a laxative) |
| Meclizine | prevention of motion sickness and vertigo |
| Scopolamine | motion sickness, nausea and vomiting after sugery |
| Ondansetron(Zofran) Dolasetron(Anzemet) | N&V chemo and post op |
| Short acting insulin, when is onset & peak | Regular Insulin(Humulin), (30 min)(2-4hr) (Clear) |
| Rapid acting insulin, onset & Peak | Novolog, Humalog (5-15 min) (30-60 min) |
| Intermediate acting insulin (long acting), onset & peak | Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) (1-2hr)(4-12hr) (Cloudy) |
| Order to putting 2 types of insulin in one syringe. | Clear before Cloudy "Regular then Long" |
| Metformin | Used only in Type 2 Diabetes. Only in people with good kidney function. Do not drink alcohol. SE lactic acidosis |
| 3 G's that lower BG | Glipizide, Glimepiride, Glyburide |
| Drug used for severe hypoglycemia when IV glucose is not available | Glucagon |
| Hypothyroidism | severe-myxedema children-cretism |
| Drugs for Hypothyroid | Levothyroxine(T4), Liothyronine(T3), Thyroid |
| Hyperthyroid | Graves Disease, Plummer's Disease |
| Drugs for Hyperthyroid | Methimazole(Tapazole), Propylthiouracil(PTU) |
| Which antithyroid drug is safer for woman who are pregnant or breastfeeding | PTU |
| Excess glucocorticoids | Cushings, restrict Na |
| Unable to make corticosteriods | Addison's |
| Drugs for Addison's | (Corticosteriods) Cortisone, Hydrocortisone(drug of choice), methylprednisolone, Prednisone |
| Facts for Corticosteriods | Give with food in AM, no grapefruit juice, weight gain, HYPERglycemia, immunosuppresent watch for signs of infection |
| Desmopressin, Vasopressin | antidiuretic hormones, monitor edema, Na level |
| Growth Hormones | Somatropin & Pegvisomant (adults only) |
| How does growth hormone effect blood glucose? | GH increases blood glucose level |
| Potassium sparing diuretic | Spironolactone |
| What do you need to always check when giving furosemide(lasix) | K level.....Lasix can cause K level to be low |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | First line drug for HTN, diuretic, use sunscreen |
| 3 drugs for erectile disfunction | Sildenafil(Viagra), Tadalafil(Cialis), Vardenafil(Levitra) Cause vasodilation |
| Tamsilosin(Flomax) | outflow obstruction in males with BPH |
| Finasteride(Propecia)(Proscar) | BPH, baldness, impotence (testosterone inhibitor) |
| Calcium Acetate | Reduce Ph levels in patients with ESRD (with meals) |
| What drug stimulates RBC production | Epoetin(Epogen), eat foods high in iron(meat & Eggs) do not shake vial |
| Cholinergic | Parasympathetic (relax) |
| Bethanechol(Urecholine) | cholinergic, urinary tract stimulant "chol" |
| Tolterodine(Detrol) | anticholinergic, antispasmatic for overactive bladder |
| Propofol(Diprivan) | Gen Anesth, amnesia, not pain med |
| Barbituates | Pentobarbital, Secobarbital, Phenobarbital CNS depression anticonvulsant, sedative-hypnotic |
| Benzodiazepine | antianxiety, sedative hypnotic, no grapefruit juice |
| Midazolam(Versed) Alprazolam(Xanax) Diazepam(Valium) Lorazepam(Ativan) | Benzodiazepine antidote-Flumazenil |
| Hypnotics used for insomnia | Zolpidem(Ambien), Eszopiclone(Lunesta), rapid onset, swallow whole. |
| Levetiracetam(Keppra) | anticonvulsant |
| Carbidopa/Levdopa(Sinemet) | anti-parkinson agent/dopamine agonist, dry mouth, dark urine & sweat, high protein meals affect, |
| Buspirone(BuSpar) | antianxiety agent, report palpitations, chest discomfort, or faintness immediately |
| SSRI | antidepressant used for depression, OCD, social phobias, bulimia, anorexia, panic disorder. Assess for suicide and chest discomfort |
| Fluoxetine(Prozac) Citalopram (Celexa) Paroxetine (Paxil) Escitalopram (Lexapro) | SSRI (selective seretonin reuptake inhibitor) |
| Lithium | Bipolar Disorder, do not limit Na intake, can cause weight gain & acne |
| Bupropion(Wellbutrin) | antidepressant, smoking deterrent |
| Sibutramine(Meridia) | Appetite suppressant |
| Modafinil(Provigil) | narcolepsy, sleep apnea improves wakefullness, take in AM, no CV problems, elevate liver enzymes |
| Adenosine | K channel opener, half life 1-2 sec, IV bolus as close to the heart as possible PSVT |
| K channel blockers | Amiodarone Av Block, pulmonary fibrosis & Dronedarone multi channel blocker maintinence |
| Na channel blockers | Quinidine Procainamide, Lidocaine |
| Amlodepine & Felodepine | CCB blood vessels HTN |
| Diltiazem & Verapamil | SA node and Blood vessels HTN & Dysrhythmia |
| "Pril" | Ace-I cough, inc K, inc, BG, teratogenic |
| "sartan" | ARB no renal artery stenosis |
| Tekturna | Direct Renin Antagonist for HTN |
| "statins" | CoA Reductase Inhibitors hypercholesterol, lower LDL raise HDL, lifelong |
| total cholesterol | less 200 |
| HDL | greater 50 |
| LDL | less then 100 |
| Triglycerides | less 150 |
| Primary HTN (Essential) | No cause, chronic preogressive |
| Secondary HTN | identifiable cause, can cure, lifestyle modifications |
| Creatinine | (0.6-1.0)inc in blood stream when kidney is not working properly |
| Creatinine Clearance | 24 hour urine test |
| BUN | (10-20) |
| Clonidine | centrally acting, make sleepy, dry mouth (A2 agonist) |
| Methyldopa | A2 agonist for anxiety and HTN |
| Tamsulosin | A1 Anatgonist BPH |
| Prazosin, Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine | A1 Antagonist |
| bacteriacidal | kill bug |
| bacteriastatic | inhibit synthesis and growth |
| Vancomycin | nephrotoxic (check creat), need peak (1hr after med) and trough |
| which cephalosporins cross the BBB | Generation 3 & 4 |
| Cefatriaxone | No Ca, can cause bleeding, two diff IV sites |
| Drugs for TB | Isoniazid(INH) & Rifampin |
| lethargic | arousable but falling asleep |
| Stuprous | pain for person to respond |
| Obtunded | really have to shake to wake up |
| Lithium toxicity | hyponeutremia, seizures |
| when do you use valium for a seizure | when you don't know the Na level |
| Dilantin(Phenytoin) | Discolors urine, gingival hyperplasia |
| WBC | 3.1-11.8 |
| HGB | 12-17 |
| HCT | 36-51 |
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