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PHM111
terminology week 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acetylcholinesterase | enzyme that degrades the neurotransmitter acetylcholine |
| Alzheimer's disease | neurodegenerative disease that causes memory loss, behavioral changes, and immobility |
| anemia | condition marked by the presence of an abnormally low number of red blood cells |
| ApoE4 allele | defective form of apoliopoprotein E that is associated with Alzheimer's disease |
| avitaminosis | any disease caused by vitamin deficiency or deficiency in metabolic conversion of a vitamin |
| basal ganglia | subcortical nuclei located in the fore brain and brainstem that initiate, control and modulate movement and posture |
| bradykinesia | slowness in initiating and carrying out voluntary movements |
| cluster headache | intensely painful vascular headache that occurs in groups and produces pain on one side of the head |
| coenzyme | compound that activates an enzyme |
| cofactor | non-protein chemical compound that is bound to a protein and is required for the protein's biological activity |
| cognitive functions | ability to take in information via the senses,process the details, commit the information to memory, and recall it when necessary |
| dementia | condition associated with a loss of memory and cognition |
| fat-soluble vitamin | vitamin that is soluble in fat and stored in body fat |
| hemoglobin | iron-containing pigment on red blood cells that carries oxygen to the tissues |
| Huntington's disease | progressive and degenerative disease of neurons that affects muscle movement, cognitive functions and emotions |
| hypervitaminosis | disorder caused by the intake of too many vitamins |
| intrinsic factor | naturally produced protein that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 |
| migraine | vascular headache that is often accompanied by nausea and visual disturbances |
| neurodegeneration | destruction of nerve cells |
| neurodegenerative disease | disorder that results in progressive destruction of neurons |
| neuroprotective | protects nerve cells from damage |
| nigrostriatal pathways | pathways located in the substantia nigra that stimulate and inhibit movement |
| Parkinson's disease | progressive disorder of the nervous system involving degeneration of dopeminergic neurons and causing impaired muscle movement |
| plaques | sticky, dense substances composed of a protein called beta amyloid that fill the spaces between the neurons and interfere with the transmission of signals between neurons |
| pseudoparkinsonism | adverse reaction to the administration of neuroleptics characterized by symptoms mimicking Parkinson's disease |
| substantia nigra | part of the basal ganglia containing clusters of dopamine-producing neurons |
| supplement | additive intended to compensate for a dietary deficiency |
| tangles | twisted fibers made up of clumps of a protein called tau that interfere with nerve signal transmission |
| trace elements | minerals that are required by the body in very small quantities |
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