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Psych: Ch. 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| central nervous system (CNS) | The portion of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. |
| spinal chord | A collection of neurons and supportive tissue running from the base of the brain down the center of the back, protected by a column of bones. |
| spinal reflexes | automatic, no conscious effort, reflexes. (hot iron, HOT!) |
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) | All portions of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord; it includes sensory and motor nerves. |
| sensory nerves | carry messages form special receptors in the skin, muscles, and other internal and external sense organs to the spinal chord, which sends them to the brain. |
| motor nerves | carry orders from the central nervous system to muscles, glands, and internal organs. |
| Somatic nervous system | The subdivision of the pripheral nervous system that connects to sensory receptors and to skeletal muscles; aka skeletal nervous system. |
| autonomic nervous system | The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the internal organs and glands |
| sympathetic nervous system | The subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes bodily resources and increases the output of energy during emotion and stress. |
| parasympathetic nervous system | The subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that operates during relaxed states and that conserves energy. |
| neuron | A cell that conducts electrochemical signals; the basic unit of the nervous system; also called a nerve cell |
| glia | Cells that support, nurture, and insulate neurons, remove debris when neurons die, enhance the formation and maintenance of neural connections, and modify neuronal functioning. |
| dendrites | A neuron's branches that receive information from other neurons and transmit it toward the cell body. |
| cell body | The part of the neuron that keeps it alive and determines whether or not it will fire. |
| axon | A neuron's extending fiber that conducts impulses away from the cell body and transmits them to other neurons. |
| myelin sheath | A fatty insulation that may surround the axon of a neuron. |
| nodes | Constrictions in the myelin sheath that make it look like links. |
| nerve | A bundle of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system. |
| neurogenesis | The production of new neurons from immature stem cells. |
| stem cells | Immature cells that renew themselves and have the potential to develop into mature cells; given encouraging environments, stem cells from early embryos can develop into any cell type. |
| synaptic cleft | |
| synapse | |
| action potential | |
| synaptic vesicles | |
| neurotransmitter | |
| receptor sites | |
| plasticity | |
| endorphins | |
| hormones | |
| endocrine glands | |
| melatonin | |
| oxytocin | |
| vasopressin | |
| adrenal hormones | |
| cortisol | |
| epinephrine and norepinephrine | |
| sex hormones (androgens, estrogens, progesterone) | |
| lesion method | |
| electrode | |
| electroencephalogram (EEG) | |
| transcranial magnetic stimulation | |
| PET scan (position-emission tomography) | |
| MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) | |
| functional MRI (fMRI) | |
| localization of function | |
| brain stem | |
| pons | |
| medulla | |
| reticular activating system (RAS) | |
| cerebellum | |
| thalamus | |
| olfactory bulb | |
| hypothalamus | |
| pituitary gland | |
| limbic system | |
| amygdala | |
| hippocampus | |
| cerebrum | |
| cerebral hemispheres | |
| corpus callosum | |
| lateralization | |
| cerebral cortex | |
| occipital lobes | |
| somatosensory cortex | |
| temporal lobes | |
| auditory cortex | |
| Wernicke's area | |
| frontal lobes | |
| motor cortex | |
| Broca's area | |
| association cortex | |
| prefrontal cortex | |
| split-brain surgery | |
| visual field | |
| (hemispheric) dominance | |
| dualism | |
| neuroethics |
Created by:
brbchanel
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