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Rad Protection
Chapter 2 Interaction of X-radiation with Matter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| kVp controls ____ or penetrating power. | quality |
| mAs is the time + ____ of photons directed at the patient. | quantity |
| ________ dose (D) is the amount of energy received by the atoms of the patients body. | Absorbed |
| When photons in the primary beam pass through matter they can undergo ___ or ___. | absorption; scatter (or not interact at all) |
| Attenuation is the ___ in the number of photons as they pass through matter. | reduction |
| During ___ ____, the filament on the cathode heats up and releases a cloud of electrons. | thermionic emission |
| Bremsstrahlung radiation is also known as ____ radiation. | braking (travel at half the speed of light) |
| During _______ radiation, a projectile electron interacts with an inner shell electron. | characteristic |
| Characteristic radiation is also known as ______ radiation. | cascading |
| At the target, ___% is heat and _% is the x-ray. | 99;1 |
| X-rays travel at the speed of light, ____ miles/second. | 186,000 |
| At ___ kVp, the majority of x-rays are Brems. | 70 |
| At ___ kVp, 15% of x-rays are characteristic radiation. | 100 |
| Primary radiation is the radiation produced in the ____. | tube |
| Primary beam is the radiation that passes through the ____. | window |
| _____ radiation is the radiation exiting other than through the window. | Leakage |
| ___ radiation are portions of the primary beam that pass through the patient. | Remnant (exit, image forming) |
| Primary radiation is also known as ___ radiation. | direct |
| A ____ is a device placed at the x-ray port to absorb low energy radiaton that does not contribute to the diagnostic value. | filter |
| Filters remove low energy photons and ___ patient skin dose. | decrease |
| Filters are usually made of ___ because of their ___ melting point and ___ Z#. | aluminum; high; low |
| The energy of the diagnostic x-ray beam is between ___ to ___ keV. | 20; 150 |
| Average photon in the x-ray beam is about ___ the energy of the most energetic photon. | 1/3 |
| ____ radiation goes in all different directions from the patient. | Isotropic |
| ____ occurs when photons pass through matter and do not interact. | Transmission (direct transmission) |
| During the _____ effect, all the energy of the incoming photon is totally transferred to the K or L-shell electron. | Photoelectric |
| A _____ is an ejected orbital electron. | photoelectron |
| The photoelectric effect is also known as ______ radiation. | fluorescent |
| A chemical with a high atomic number will ____ the chance of photoelectric absorption. | increase |
| Compton scatter is a.k.a _____. | incoherent, inelastic or modified scatter. |
| The Compton photon has ___ energy, a ___ wavelength and ____ frequency than the incident photon. | less;longer;lower |
| Compton scatter is a process in which a photon is _____ absorbed by an outer-shell electron. | partially |
| What is the photon known as that bounces off the orbital electron? | recoil/secondary/scattered electron |
| At ___ kVp, 50% of the interactions is compton and 50% are PE. | 50 |
| At ____ kVp, 67% are compton interactions and 33% are PE. | 90 |
| An increase in kVp will cause an increase in ____ radiation. | scatter |
| A chemical with an increased binding energy (Lead, barium) will have attenuate ____ photons. | more |
| The Compton photon has ___ energy, a longer wavelength and a lower frequency than the incident photon. | less |
| Coherent scattering (slassic, elastic or unmodified) occurs primarily with low energy x-rays, below ____ keV. | 10 |
| In coherent scattering, excess energy is given off as ___ with the exiting photon having the same energy and wavelength as the incident photon. | scatter |
| In pair production, incoming photon interacting with the nucleus must have an energy above ____MeV. | 1.02 |
| Two electrons, a ____ and a ____ are produced with the pair production interaction. | positron; negatron |
| Pair productin does not occure significantly until an energy of ___ MeV has been reached. | 10 |
| During the ____ ____, matter is converted back into energy as a result of a positron combining with a negative electron, which creates two photons moving in opposite directions. | annihilation reaction |
| Photodisintegration occurs above ____ MeV. | 10 |
| During photodisintegration, a high energy electron (radiation therapy) is absorbed by the _____. | nucleus |
| After the nucleus absorbs the electron in photodisintegration, the nucleus becomes ____ and begins to emit neutrons, protons, alpha particles and or gamma rays. | radioactive |
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