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sound/light sem. ex
semester exam - sound and light
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| There are two types of mechanical waves | transverse and longitudinal |
| mechanical waves need a _____________ to move through | medium |
| mechanical waves are produced when a source of energy causes a medium to _______________ | vibrate |
| the 4 basic properties of waves are | amplitude, wavelength, frequency and speed |
| frequency is measured in | hertz |
| wavelength multiplied by frequency equals | speed |
| the distance from crest to trough is | amplitude |
| the distance from the top of one crest to another crest is | wavelength |
| what happens when a wave hits a surface through which it cannot pass | it bounces back, reflects. |
| What is refraction of a wave | when a wave enters a medium at an angle, one side changes speed before the other, causing the wave to bend |
| when a wave moves around a barrier, bends and spreads out , it is called | diffraction |
| what happens when two waves meet each other | interference |
| what is the difference between constructive and destructive interference? | in constructive, the waves meet and their energies are combined. in destructive, the waves meet and the energies are cancelled out. |
| a wave transfers | energy |
| the number of complete waves that pass a point in a certain amount of time is a wave's | frequency |
| transverse waves have high points and low points called | crests and troughs |
| longitudinal waves have areas that are spread out and areas that are bunched together called | rarefaction and compression |
| what kind of wave is sound | longitudinal |
| the speed of sound depends on 3 things about the medium | elasticity, density and temperature |
| how is loudness measured | in decibels |
| how is pitch measured | in hertz |
| a reflected sound wave is also called | an echo |
| in the ear, the fluid-filled cavity that is shaped like a snail shell is | cochlea |
| a system of using reflected sound waves to detect and locate objects underwater | sonar |
| another name for the ear drum | tympanic membrane |
| what does the tympanic membrane do | amplifies the sound wave |
| why can you hear friends talking in the hallway when you can't see them | sound waves diffract, or bend, around corners |
| how can loud noises damage your hearing | they damage the hair cells in the cochlea |
| what is the doppler effect? | the perceived increase in pitch as a sound approaches you and then decreases as the sound moves away. |
| when would a whisper sound louder than a shout | if the person is very close to your ear |
| an electromagnetic wave is produced through | alternating, vibrating electric and magnetic fields |
| how are electromagnetic waves different from sound waves | they don't need a medium |
| electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies are | radio waves |
| EM waves that carry cell phone messages | microwaves |
| EM waves that you can see | visible light |
| EM waves used for diagnosing broken bones | x-rays |
| the shortest, highest frequency waves | gamma rays |
| EM waves that cause heat | infrared |
| EM waves that cause sunburn | ultraviolet |
| The difference between AM and FM radio waves | AM waves are changes in amplitude FM waves are changes in frequency |
| which color of light has the longest wavelength | red |
| which color of light has the shortest wavelength | violet |
| what tool do we use to show the spectrum of wavelengths in white light | spectrometer |
| What damage is caused by ultraviolet rays? | sunburn, skin cancer |
| what kind of light bulb gives off heat | incandescent |
| which type of light bulb is the most efficient | fluorescent |
| what is the difference between transparent and translucent | transparent lets light transmit completely, translucent lets some slight transmit |
| a plane mirror creates what kind of image | a virtual image that is upright and the same size as the object |
| why do concave mirrors make the image upside down | the light rays reflect off the mirror in the opposite direction |
| what is the focal point | the point in space where reflected rays meet |
| an opaque material | absorbs all light, letting none pass through |
| convex mirrors | reflect rays outward. they are used to gather light from a large area, but the reflection makes the object look smaller than in real life |
| a curved piece of transparent material that is used to refract light is | lens |
| a near-sighted individual uses a ____________ lens to correct their vision | concave lens. it forces the light to focus further back, onto the retina |
| a far-sighted individual uses a ___________ lens to correct their vision | convex lens. It forces the light to focus closer, onto the retina. |
| cornea | where light enters the eye. It is the lens |
| pupil | dark-colored opening to the inside of the eye. Adjusts with the amount of light |
| iris | colored portion of eye. It is a ringed muscle that moves the pupil |
| retina | layer of cells that make up the back of the eyeball. Images are focused on the retina |
| rods and cones | light-sensitive cells - rods see black and white, cones see color |
| optic nerve | sends the images to the brain as electrical impulses |
| near-sighted | the person can see near, but not far |
| far-sighted | the person can see far, but not near |
| What causes a rainbow? | water droplets in the air act as prisms to separate the sunlight into its different wavelengths |
| Who is ROY G BIV | colors of the spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet |
Created by:
cheryl foley
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