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SOC 100- Unit 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| lowest 20% of world- wealth | -1% |
| top 20% of world- wealth | 90% |
| relative poverty | the deprivation of some people in relation to those with more |
| absolute poverty | a deprivation of resources that is life-threatening or inability to afford food, clothing, shelter, health |
| in the world's poorest nations, ___ or kids die before ___ | 1/3, 15 |
| life chances | life expectancy, infant mortality, health, education, literacy, gaps in development |
| how often does someone die of starvation? | every 2 seconds |
| starvation deaths per year | 15 million |
| cultural patterns & poverty | birth control in India; the significance of a child |
| correlated of 3rd world poverty (6) | inadequate technology, population, culture, social stratification, gender inequality, global power relationships |
| Modernization Theory | (functionalist) the poor countries are not doing things that increase their life chances |
| Dependency Theory | (conflict) industrialized nations are keeping the poor countries poor |
| climate change and poverty | changes in weather->less food->poverty->unrest/terrorism |
| e-waste | largest growing source of waste (Hong-Kong) |
| prejudice | (how you feel) |
| discrimination | (what you do) |
| categories of minorities | limited by the socioeconomic system, based on deviant behavior patterns, based on physical/mental status |
| sexist or racist? | no- 71% |
| pluralism (cultural mosaic) | A+B+C=A+B+C *values everyone |
| assimilation | A+B+C=A *you have to behave the way we do |
| melting pot | A+B+C=D *best of every group molded together |
| segregation | A+B+C=A/B/C |
| genocide/deportation | A+B+C=A (B&C gone) |
| institutional discrimination | unintended discrimination that is built into the normal operation of society |
| highest median income minority | chinese |
| most educated minority | korean |
| native americans | lowest median income, highest poverty, least education |
| the poverty rate for people over the age of 65 is | lower than the national average (used to be higher, but medicare helped considerably) |
| myths about the elderly | not always sick, not dangerous drivers (more than adults though), not insufficient employees, politically active, able to change |
| age group least likely to vote | 18-21 |
| disengagement theory | the idea that society enhances its orderly operation by disengaging people from its positions of responsibility as they reach old age |
| activity theory | (interactionist) the idea that a high level of activity enhances personal satisfaction in old age |
| conflict perspective on aging | aging is problematic in contemporary capitalistic societies; power tends to diminish unless they are able to maintain wealth |
| what age range is best? | 60+: retirement 18-29; 45-59: 20s 30-44: 30s |
| social institution | everything it takes to meet the major needs of society |
| how many people are in the tertiary sector? | 72-75% |
| does organization=institution? | no! |
| examples of economic institution | values- free enterprise norms- maximize profits statuses/roles- accountant groups: unions |
| social institution | a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs |
| economic institution | production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services |
| primary sector | the extraction of raw materials & natural resources from the environment |
| secondary sector | the processing of raw materials into finished goods |
| tertiary sector | the provision of services rather than goods |
| in 1900, most jobs were in the _____ | primary sector |
| in 1955, most jobs were in the _____ | secondary sector |
| capitalism | an economic system in which natural resources and the means of producing goods and services are privately owned (individualism) |
| socialism | an economic system in which natural resources and the means of producing goods and services are collectively owned (collectivism) |
| comparison of socialism and capitalism | capitalism=higher standard of living; greater disparity |
| corporations | tremendous power, larger GNP than many countries |
| ____% of new jobs don't require higher degrees | 65 |
| primary labor market | high-paying jobs with good benefits that have some degree of security and the possibility of advancement |
| secondary labor market | low-paying jobs with fee benefits and very little security or advancement opportunity |
| functionalist and economy | the economy is a vital institution because it is the means by which needed goods and services are produced and distributed |
| conflict theorists and economy | business cycles are the result of capitalist self-interest |
| global economy in the future | workers may fight for "a piece of the economic pie"; corporations will get larger; chasm between rich and poor nations will widen; could steer towards war (it's our responsibility) |
| our class thinks that politically most students are | liberal |
| our class is (politically) | 36% liberal, 28% conservative |
| women are more (politically) | liberal |
| politics between 1970 and 2010 | more conservatives now |
| welfare state | a range of government agencies and programs that provides benefits to the population |
| how many credits do we have? | 58%: 12-15 credits |
| does our class work? | 47% no; 25%: 10-19 hrs/week |
| institution of education | responsible for the systematic transmission of knowledge, skills, and cultural values |
| functionalist (education) | teach the culture |
| functionalist (conflict) | teach the culture AND CRITICAL THINKING |
| applying theory (symbolic interactionist) | how teachers define their students dictates how well they perform |
| 5 functions of schooling | socialization, cultural innovation, social integration, social placement, latent functions |
| millenial generation | 1/4 of all voters; liberal; less individualistic; optimistic |
| conflict (education) | public schools maintain social inequality |
| cultural capital and class reproduction | (conflict) middle and upper income parents have more cultural capital |
| tracking and social inequality | (conflict) assigning students to specific courses; higher expectations=higher performances |
| hidden curriculum | (conflict) upper and middle classes taught decision making and responsibility; lower classes taught to obey; females discouraged to take math and science |
| "draw my tree" | poor kid= a dot (high apartment in NYC) |
| life objectives- UCLA 1968 to 2010 | development philosophy of life-> be well off financially |
| life objectives- our class | be well off financially and help others |
| grade inflation | 4.2% A's to 48% A's |
| health and society (4) | culture defines health; health standards change; technology effects health; inequality affects health |
| traditional health | absence of disease |
| modern health | a state of physical, mental, and social well-being |
| traditional medicine | identifies and cures illness |
| modern medicine | social institution that identifies and cures illness and promotes health |
| how often do we exercise? | 68% 1-5x per week |
| new to 10 ten death causes (6) by 2020 | depression, chronic pulmonary disease, war injuries, diarrheal infection, HIV/AIDS |
| do we eat/cell while driving? | 83% yes |
| we no longer die of communicable disease, we die of ___ | diseases of lifestyle |
| smoking deaths... | exceed alcohol, homocide, suicide, automobile, aids, cocaine, and heroine combined |
| ___ in 4 healthcare dollars are spent on smoking | 1 |
| good nutrition/exercise= +___ life expectancy | 7 |
| cure for all cancers= +___ life expectancy | 2 |
| odd way to live longer? | laugh at yourself :-) |
| tenets of holistic medicine (4) | you are responsible for the state of your own health; mind and body are an interdependent unit; illness provides an opportunity to learn more about yourself; a physician is only a guide |
| paying for healthcare (3) | private insurance, public insurance, health maintenance organizations |
| largest healthcare costs per person (country) | US |
| overall healthcare performance (country) | France (US=37th) |
| to be cured: ____ to stay healthy: ____ | come to US; don't come to US |
| most of the uninsured | are middle/working class (not unemployed minorities) |
| medicalization | the process whereby non-medical problems become defined and treated as illnesses or disorders |
| top 3 well-being states: | Hawaii; Colorado; Minnesota |
| Americans are sicker than the ____ | English (with control factors of smoking, obesity, race, class) |
| Louis Pasteur said... | "health depends much less on bacteria than the social environment in which the bacteria are found." |
| *It's the ___ that counts | perspective |
| *cultural ____ over location | relativity |
| *the limited ____ of people | rationality |
| *the_____ ______ of personality | cultural patterning |
| *the endlessness of cultural ____ | change |
| *people's propensity to live by ____ | myth |
| *____ skills | marketable |
| *social sciences are seen as a _____ | threat |
Created by:
melaniebeale
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