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Neuro finalasasfd
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo | Dizziness, Treatment using Epley maneuver |
| Labyrinthitis | Infection or inflammation of inner ear, Dizziness, loss of balance |
| Meniere’s Disease | Inner ear fluid balance disorder → episodes of vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus & sensation of fullness of ear |
| Vestibular Neuronitis | Infection of vestibular N., usually viral |
| Perilymph fistula | Leakage of inner ear fluid to middle ear. Can occur after head injury, physical exertion |
| Glaucoma | shrinking of VF secondary to increased intraocular pressure & optic n. damage |
| Homonymous hemianopsia | loss of vision in ½ of visual field |
| Amblyopia | inconsistent images from 2 eyes; brain routintely ignores 1 |
| Retinopathy of Prematurity | vascular damage to retina in preterm infant |
| Blindness | acuity < 20/200 in both eyes or VF of < 20 degrees corrected |
| -geusias (a, hypo, dys) | taste dysfunction (inability to taste, decreased ability, distorted ability) |
| -osmias (a, hypo, cac, dys) | loss of smell (inability to detect odors, decreased ability, hallucinations of unpleasant smells due to seizures, distorted ID of smells) |
| agnosia | inability to classify or contrast odors |
| ataxia | lack of coordination - Voluntary mvmts are of normal strength - Jerkiness & inaccuracy characteristics this dx - mid-line: trunk ataxia (fastigial) - paravermal: gait ataxia (interpositus) - lateral: limb ataxia (dentate) |
| Dysenergy | inability to control timing & sequencing of movements |
| Dysmetria | inability to accurately move an intended distance (cerebellum/lateral hemisphere) |
| Dysarthria | difficulty in articulating words (vermal lesion) |
| Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke | More impact on UE, face, Broca's area (most common) |
| Anterior Cerebral Artery Stroke | LE weakness, apraxia, intellectual changes |
| Posterior Cerebral Artery Stroke | Varied, impact on B. Stem, Temporal/Occ Lobe Fx Homonymous hemianopsia, visual agnosia, memory impairments |
| Right sided lesion | Dressing apraxia, constructional apraxia, Neglect, anosognosia |
| Bilateral lesions | Complex dx’s involving visual, spatial, language deficits |
| Apraxia | Ideomotor- lesion of supramarginal gyrus - Knowing what’s needed but UNABLE TO DO Ideational- can’t develop a plan, sequence, for action |
| Aphasia | Speech disorder, comprehension intact |
| Upper Motor Neuron Disorder | - Lesion in cerebral cortex, b.stem or s. cord nuclei - Abnormal cutaneous reflexes, abnormal timing of musc activation, hyper stiffness following initial weakness, discoordinated mvmt - Causes: stroke, s.cord injury, CP, trauma |
| Spasticity | (UMN) Underlying disorder of stretch reflex Increased resistance to stretch Limits ability for quick response Tx directed twd reducing spasticity may have ltd success in recovery of fx B/C …. Loss of motor control not simply result of abnormal musc ton |
| Lower Motor Neuron Disorder | - Lesion located @ motor neuron in s.cord or b.stem, or at the level of the spinal nerve - Decreases input to musc →loss of reflexes, atrophy, flaccid paralysis, - Causes: trauma, infection, tumors |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | - Degeneration of large alpha MN’s in cord, b stem, CN’s and large neurons in cortex - Degeneration of Corticospinal pathways & LMN’s |
| Hydrocephalus | Disorder of CSF - Ventricle dilation 2ndary to blockage of CSF circulation/absorbtion - Pressure exerted on brain causes deficits - Abnormal enlargement of head, head ache, nausea - Tx: shunting (ventricle → abdomen) |
| ADHD | - short attn. span, distractibility, impulsivity, overactivity - problem in processing info and selecting approp response (NOT in receiving info) - Reticular Formation |
| Parkinson's | Akinesia; bradykinesia (disorder w/initiation) Rigidity, tremor, impaired postural mechanisms Basal Ganglia disorder |
| Huntington's | Chorea = flinging, uncontrolled mvmts Eventually = cognitive decline and uncontrolled mvmt Decrease in GABA cells (-).. = decrease inhib of mvmt Basal Ganglia disorder |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | Involuntary facial movements Basal Ganglia disorder |
| Wilson Disease | - Athetosis/rigidity in kids - Tremor, dysarthria, dysphagia in adults - Basal Ganglia disorder |
| Schizophrenia | Positive symptoms (excess of bx’s) … LIMBIC in overdrive! Negative symptoms (absence of normal bx)… LIMBIC slowed down! Limbic System Disorder |
| Alzheimers | Limbic system disorder- degeneration of hippocampus and amygdala |
| PTSD | Limbic System disorder- smaller hippocampus → increased vulnerability for PTSD |
| Disorder in Prefrontal Cortex | - Disruption of complex aspects of bx - Unilateral neglect - Loss of theory of mind, lack of socially approp bx - May be apathetic - Loss of foresight, judgment, insight - Easily distractible |
| Arcuate Fasciulus lesion (connects Broca's and Wernike's | Dysfx: conduction aphasia… - Fluent aphasia, adequate comprehension - Poor repetition for words, poor phoneme sequencing - Can’t benefit from model |
| Broca's Area Lesion | Dysfx: non-fluent aphasia - Diff producing speech, comprehension maintained! |
| Wernike's area Lesion | - Fx: integrates vision & hearing -FLUENT APHASIA L-but spairs Wernicke’s→anomia,alexia,agraphia,agnosia o R-side lesion: deficits in lang&spatial integration o Bilateral lesion: auditory agnosia (labeling what you hear) |
Created by:
courtneyj09
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