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PSY 220 Ch 11
Single-Case Research Designs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Research design in which a single participant or a single group of individuals is used to investigate the influence of a treatment condition. | Single-case resarch designs |
| A single-case design in which the response to the treatment condition is compared to the baseline responses recorded before and after the treatment. | ABA Design |
| The target behavior of the participant in its naturally occuring state or prior to presentation of the treatment condition. | Baseline |
| Change of behavior back to baseline level after withdrawl of treatment. | Reversal |
| Extension to ABA design to include reintroction of the treatment condition. | ABAB Design |
| Removal of the treatment condition. | Withdrawl |
| A design in which the treatment condition is applied to an alternative but incompatible behavior so that a reversal in behavior is produced. | Reversal design |
| Single-case design used to identify interaction effects. | Interaction design |
| The combined influence of two or more IV. | Interaction effect in single-case research |
| A single-case design in which the treatment condition is successively administered to several target participants, targe outcomes, or target settings. | Multiple-baseline design |
| Violation of design assumption in which changing one target (participant, outcome, or setting) produces changes in the remaining targets. | Interdependence |
| A single-case design in which a participant's behavior is gradually shaped by changing the criterion for success during successive treatment periods. | Changing-criterion design |
| A set of responses characterized by the absence of trend and little variability. | Stable baseline |
| In single-case research, repeated demonstration that a behavioral change occurs when the treatment is introduced. | Experimental criterion |
| Demonstration that the treatment condition has eliminated a disorder or has imporoved everyday functioning. | Therapeutic criterion |
| Determination by others that the treatment condition has significantly changed the participant's functioning. | Social validation |
| A social validation method in which the participant is compared with nondeviant peers. | Social comparison method |
| A social validation method in which other's views of the partivipants are assessed to see whether those others perceive a change in behavior. | Subjective evaluation method |
| What type of design is a single subject design and why does it have to be this type of design | Quasi-experimental design. It should probably use a time series design because there needs to be more than one pretes and posttest if one subject is being tested. |
| What are the 4 types of single-case research designs? | 1. ABA and ABAB designs 2. Interaction design 3. Multiple-baseline design 4. Changing-criterion design |
| Diagram an ABA design and explain how this design allows for an inference of causal effect. Also identify and explain each of the phases of the design. | A (baseline) B (treatment) A (baseline)<- reversal or withdrawl. It measures pretest and then measures posttest after treament, withdrawls treatment and one would expect it to go back to the baseline. This eliminates possible history effect. |
| When would the ABA design not be able to identify a treatment effect? | If it is a reversal ABA design because an alternative treatment is taking place. |
| What is the difference between reversal and withdrawal in an ABA design | Reversal ABA design - reversing the treatment effect to make the subject return to baseline. i.e. praise kid for talking to kids B1 then praise kid for only talking to adults B2 (reversal) Withdrawl ABA design - taking away treatment to return to baselin |
| When would you use an interaction single subject design and when would you not be able to identify an interaction effect. | When you want to study more than one IV. Combied influence of more than one IV, it is difficult to determine single effect. Diagram of Single-patricipant interaction design ppt 1: A B A B BC B BC ppt 2: A C A C CB C BC |
| Diagram a multiple baseline design and explain the situation in which this design could not identify a treatment effect | Eliminates history effect because it tests more than one ppt at different times. Subjects must be INDEPENDENT not interdependent. time series--> 1: A B 2: A A B 3: A A A B 4: A A A A (no treatment) |
| When would you use a changing criterion design and what are the critical features of this design such as length of phases and number of treatment phases | Criterion designs may be used if the ppt needs to improve gradually. Suppose they resist at first. Give then a small amount of the treatment, increase the treatment successively until the goal has been met. There is no re time series--> A B1 B2 B3 ... |
| What is baseline and what criteria should be used for a good baseline | Baseline is the observed behavior before treatment is administered. There should be little trend and variability to be a good baseline. |
| What are the considerations to use when trying to determine length of phases in a single subject design | 1. When stability has been achieved 2. Carryover effects (appear in 2nd baseline. Use short B or multi-A design 3. Cyclic variations (months, weeks, routines, bipolar) consider those times |
| What would you look for when using the experimental criteria for determining a treatment effect in a single subject design | If scores of the DV during the intervention phase do not overlap with scores on the DV during baseline phase. (11.2) |
| What is a therapeutic criteria and what are the two approaches used when trying to identify clinical significance | How much the treatment effects the patient. 1. Social comparison method: comparing behavior with peers. When behavior nondistinuishable with peers: Success 2. Subjective evaluation method: qualitiative difference in how people see the ppt. |
| What are the 4 methodological considerations for a single-case research design? | 1. Baseline 2. Changing one variable at a time 3. Length of phases 4. Rival hypothesis |
| What are the two criteria for evaluating change? | 1. Experimental criterion 2. Therapeutic criterion |
Created by:
nga
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