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PSY 246
Psychology of Personality Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What approach identifies actions that reflect the trait of interest and uses prototypicality ratings? | Act-Frequency Approach |
| What is a personal goal assessment? | the idiosyncratic expression of basic motives (hunger vs. "truffles for the wedding"); traits in context (e.g. goal to "get married" or "get a degree") |
| What are the "havings" and "doings" of personality? | what you have and what you do with what you have; traits are the "havings," goals are the "doings" |
| ______ predict about 20% of university grades and goals. | traits |
| What is the intersection of motivational and cognitive perspectives? | goal assessments |
| What is hot cognition? | an individual's decision is based on emotion as opposed to being based on fact |
| Adults average about how many personal goals? | 14 |
| What is the most common goal across settings and populations? | to lose weight |
| What are the 5 factors used to interpret the PPA? | meaningfulness, efficacy, structure, stress, & social support |
| What type of goals are time focused & concrete? High or low efficacy & meaningfulness? | molecular goals; high efficacy, low meaningfulness |
| What type of goals are broad, life-long pursuits? High or low efficacy & meaningfulness? | molar goals; low efficacy, high meaningfulness |
| _______ can be predicted from goals with high meaning and low efficacy. | anxiety |
| __________ is marked by low efficacy and low meaningfulness. | depression |
| Depression can be marked by the failure to do what? | to disengage from unsuccessful projects (depression as "information") |
| What is ipsative scoring? | comparisons within the individual |
| ________ scoring is only meaningful if scores can change. | ipsative |
| ______ are supposed to be stable, but your _____ can change. | traits; goals |
| What are the 4 D's of abnormal behavior? | deviance, dysfunction, distress, & danger |
| Abnormal behavior can be _________ and ____________. | pervasive (impacting all aspects of life); longstanding (at least early adulthood) |
| Which Axis defines clinical syndromes? | Axis I |
| Which Axis defines the personality and developmental disorders? | Axis II |
| __% chance of having an Axis II disorder if one has an Axis I disorder. | 60 |
| Those with one personality disorder are _ times more like to have a second personality disorder. | 5 |
| Psychiatric disorders involve an enduring pattern of inner experience or behavior that deviates from the individual's culture in at least 2 of 4 areas. | cognition, affect, interpersonal functioning, & impulse control |
| Personality disorders have an incidence of __ - __% in the population | 10; 15 |
| Axis II, Cluster A personality disorders involve _________________________. | odd or eccentric behavior |
| Which personality disorders are in Cluster A? | Paranoid PD, Schizoid PD, Schizotypal PD |
| Axis II, Cluster B personality disorders involve __________________________________. | dramatic or emotional presentations |
| Which personality disorders are in Cluster B? | Borderline PD, Histrionic PD, Narcissistic PD, Antisocial PD |
| Axis II, Cluster C personality disorders involve ________________. | fear and anxiety |
| Which personality disorders are in Cluster C? | Avoidant PD, Obsessive-Compulsive PD, Dependent PD |
| What are the 2 theoretical perspectives of antisocial personalty disorder? | "sociopath" (early problems with learning right and wrong; behavioral) and "psychopath" (pressured physiological causal factors) |
| Anti-socials don't respond to ________ punishers; they do respond to ________ punishers. | positive; negative |
| Which personality assessment has the following characteristics: subjective scoring, socially desirable response sets are less obvious, assumes unconscious processes | TAT |
| Which personality assessment has the following characteristics: perceptions, social networks, socially desirable response is less obvious | Rep. Grid |
| Which personality assessment has the following characteristics: objective scoring, representative norms, straight forward assessment | NEO |
| Which personality assessment has the following characteristics: most open-ended (broad) and most consistent with the subjective experience, but hardest to score and compare | Autobiographical Statement |
| Which personality assessment has the following characteristics: straight forward, normative and ipsative scoring, samples everyday behavior | PPA |
| What is the Fundamental Attribution Error? | When evaluating others, people tend to attribute behavior to traits. When evaluating our own behavior, we tend to attribute it to the situation. |
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s_axeee
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