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geology
final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the categories of geological resources | energy, mineral, water |
| define source rock | rich in organic matter |
| define reservoir | porous and permeable |
| define trap | configuration of rocks so that oil/gas do not escape |
| what are the requirements for petroleum formation/prevention | source rock, reservoir rock, trap |
| define resources | total amount present |
| define reserves | already discovered deposits, economically extractable under present circumstances |
| difine ore | minerals that can be profitably mined |
| when it comes to ore, define grade | level of concentration |
| what are the origins of ore deposits? | hydrothermal, magmatic, sedimentart, residual (weathering) |
| what are the reservoirs of the carbon cycle? | Atmosphere (CO2 gas) Biosphere (organic compounds) hydrosphere (dissolved CO2 and organic compounds) Solid Earth (limestone, coal, petroleum) |
| what is the input of carbon to the atmosphere? | respiration and decay, weathering, volcanic eruptions, burning of fossil fuels |
| what is the output of carbon from the atmosphere? | Photosynthesis and burial of organic matter |
| define the green house effect | long-wavelength (infrared) radiation from the Earth surface is selectively absorbed by certain gases in the atmosphere |
| what are some common green house gases | water vapor, carbon dioxide methane |
| what are some approaches to climate change research? | modern process studies, climate modeling with computers, interpreting past climate |
| how do glaciers form? | start out at snow -> firn -> ice |
| define glaciers | long-lasting accumulations of ice, flow under their own weight |
| why are glaciers important | reservoirs of water responsible for landscape features interaction with climate system indicators of past climate change records of past atmospheric conditions |
| define Firn | compacted snow, recrystalization, snow to ice |
| what are the two types of glaciers that are confined to valleys | cirque, and valley |
| what are the two types of glaciers that are not confined to valleys | ice caps (domes of ice) and ice sheets |
| glacier mass balance: | accumulation - precipitation (snow fall) ablation - melting caviling |
| what are some effects of glaciation? | lowering of sea level crustal deformation (isostacy) stream drainage diversion (ice-dammed lakes) Changing patterns of precipitation |
| causes of glacial ages and associated climate change | shifting positions of continents and mountain astronomical theory |
| describe the astronomical theory | tilt eccentricity (orbital shape) precession (wobble of rotational axis) atmosphereic composition ocean circulation solar activity volcanic activity |
| define weather | state of the atmosohere at a given point in time |
| define climate | average weather conditions |
| structure of the atmosphere | thermosphere mesosphere stratosphere (t increases with altitude) troposphere (t decreases with altitude) |
| define the coriolis effect | free moving object veer toward the right in northern hemisphere and toward the left in the southern hemisphere (due to earths rotation) |
| define deflation | removal of particles from the land surface by wind |
| define abrasion | grinding by materials carried with wind |
| define fetch | distance over which wind acts |
| formation of surf | velocity decreases wave length increases height increases |
Created by:
devwalt
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