Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AQA Psychology
Learning
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Learning | a relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience |
| Classical conditioning | a procedure during which an animal or person learns to associate a reflex response with a new stimulus |
| Classical conditioning schedule | the steps in the procedure to condition a new response |
| Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) | the stimulus that produces a reflex response, such as the food for Pavlov's dog |
| Unconditioned response (UCR) | the reflex response to an unconditioned stimulus, such as Pavlov's dog's salivation |
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) | a new stimulus presented with the UCS, such as the bell in Pavlov's experiment |
| Conditioned response (CR) | the response that is learnt; it occurs when the CS is presented, such as Pavlov's dog's salivation |
| Extinction | a conditioned response dies out |
| Spontaneous Recovery | a conditioned response that has disappeared suddenly appears again |
| Generalisation | the conditioned response is produced when a similar stimulus to the original conditioned stimulus is presented |
| Discrimination | the conditioned response is only produced when a specific stimulus is presented |
| Operant conditioning | learning due to the consequences of behaviour, through positive and negative reinforcement |
| Law of effect | behaviours that are followed by rewards are usually repeated; those that are punished are not usually repeated |
| Punishment | a stimulus that weakens behaviour because it is unpleasant and we try to avoid it |
| Reinforcement | a consequence of behaviour that encourages or strengthens a behaviour. This might be seen as a reward |
| Positive reinforcement | a reward or pleasant consequence that increases the likelihood that a behaviour or action will be repeated |
| Negative reinforcement | when an unpleasant experience is removed after a behaviour or action has been made. This increases the likelihood of the behaviour or action being repeated |
| Behaviour shaping | changing behaviour in small steps |
| Phobia | a persistent and irrational fear of an object, activity or situation. The typical symptoms are intense feelings of fear and anxiety to avoid the object, activity or situation |
| Flooding | a treatment for phobias that involves the immediate exposure of the person to the feared object, activity or event until there is no fear response |
| Systematic desensitisation | a treatment for phobias in which the person is taught to relax and then is gradually exposed to the feared object, activity, event |
| Hierarchy of fears | a series feared events ranked from least frightening to most frightening |
| Aversion Therapy | a treatment for addictions, such as drug and alcohol dependency, which makes the addict have an extremely negative reaction to the addictive substance |
| Primary reinforcer | a reward, such as food or water, that the animal or person needs in order to survive |
| Secondary reinforcer | a reward, such as money or a token that the animal or person can exchange for a primary reinforcer |
Created by:
Kajal11
Popular Psychology sets