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MUSC101 Exam 4
Music Appreciation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Impressionism | -atmosphere and mood take the place of strong emotion, or of the story of program music -faided commadefuse, impression of a golden moment |
| Anti-Wagnerianism | Claude Debussy: Gameleon...,Impressionist painting..., symbolist poetry... |
| Gamelon | an Indonesian group of instruments from Java, rhythm most important, tuned gong |
| Impressionist Painting | France, painters: Monet, Manet, Degas, Pissarro, Renoir, light and color (pastel), reaction against Romanticism |
| Symbolist Poetry | sound of a word as well as its meaning, difficult to translate |
| La Soiree dans Grebade | -Genre: Habanera - Dance-and-Trio -Double exoticism |
| Archaic Scales | exotic scales (Arabic, whole tones), unresolved dissonances, free rhythm, short, lyric forms (character pieces), thematic transformation becomes thematic implication |
| thematic implication | ideas and philosophies that are suggested/asserted by the composer in the music |
| Debussy | composer, from France, impressionist, Paris conservatory, won Prix de Rome, World War I made him stop composing |
| Prelude to 'The Afternoon of a Faun' | composer: Debussy, based on Mallarme pastoral poem, mythological creatures, free ternary form, chromatic melody |
| Distilled Nationalism | reaction against Romanticism, primitivism, escape from refinement, used non-western sourcesous |
| Stravinsky | -Russian born -Ballet Russes - Diaghilev -1920s in France -1940s in U.S. |
| Primitivism | a reaction from the overrefinement of such artists as Debussy and Ravel |
| Le sacre du printemps | -composer: Stravinsky, subtitled "Scenes of Pagan Russia", primitivistic rhythms and mood, expanded ensemble, Russian and Baltic folk songs -Right of Spring - translation |
| Neoclassicism | means newly realized, "Back to Bach", early 1920s, absolute music, balance and objectivity, return to formal structures |
| Ethnomusicology | the comparative study of the music(s) of the world |
| Bartok | most scientific and ethnocentric enthnomusicology, worked in Hungary, studied folklore, emigrated to U.S. |
| Concerto for Orchestra | composer: Bartok, Boston Symphony Orchestra hired him to compose, 5 movements, rondo-like form |
| IV: "Interrupted Intermezzo" | theme: Shostakovitch's symphony No.7 |
| Polychord | two or more chords on top of each other |
| Polyharmony | two or more simultaneous musical harmonies |
| Polytonality | using more then one key simultaneously |
| Polymeter | two or more meters at the same time |
| Additive Meter | patterns of beats that subdivide into smaller, irregular groups |
| Painting Genre-Expressionism | -developed in Germany in opposition to Impression -subconscious, hallucinations, dreams -artists: Kardinsky, Klee, Kokoschka, Munch(painted the scream) |
| Musical Expressionism | -composers (most important): Schoenburg, Webem, Berg -Musical characteristics: inharmonious,extreme range, disjunct melodies -emancipation of dissonance, 12 tone/dodecaphonic music -Schoenberg came up with strict employment of a fixed series of pitches |
| Second Viennese School | Shoenburg, Webem, Berg |
| Emancipation of dissonace | dissonance and concinent of equal value, don't have to end on a concinentn |
| 12 tone/Dodecaphonic music | full chromatic, atonal, stroenberg cam up with dodecaphonic |
| Instrumentation (the Pierrot ensemble) | largish camber ensemble (small number of people, many instruments), darker (low-pitched) instruments,Percussion (battery) to the foreground, piano an ensemble instrument |
| Retro-forms | new emphasis on organization & succinctness, older forms/genres: fugue, concerto grosso,etc. |
| Schoenberg | from Austria, teacher, largely self-taught. developed atonality & serialism techniques, emigrated to U.S., worked at USC and UCLA |
| Pierrot lunaire | -composer: Schoenberg -song cycle -psychotic clown obsessed with the moon -voice & varied chamber ensemble -Sperechstimme |
| Sprechstimme | a nightmare speech |
| Slave Music | work songs, devotional music |
| Spirituals | devotional music |
| Ragtime | Scott Joplin came up with Ragtime, ragged rhythm = syncopation, Steinway player-piano rolls, ragtime as a reputable art form |
| Blues | Billie Holiday blues and jazz singer, form (A-A-B), the difference between jazz and blues is jazz has improvisation, piano, drums, and guitar act like basso continuo |
| Big Band Jazz | 1930s-40s, jazz rhythm (complex rhythm with syncopation), jazz harmonies (extremely complex tall chords), |
| Be-bop | -improvisation on vocals and instruments -small-ensemble jazz -A-A-B-A form (32 bar song), tune is presented in first chorus, B=Bridge |
| Lenord Bernstein | composer of West Side Story, conducted New York Philharmonic, classic and popular music |
| West Side Story | -composer: Bernstein -union of Jazz & Latino music with musical theater -lyrics by Stephen Sondheim -based on "Romeo & Juliet" -Street gangs of New York City -Latin dance music and jazz, Mambo (African-Cuban dance) -Tonight in A-A-B-A form |
| Louis Armstrong | most important early jazz musician, most famous jazz trumpet player, Satchmo is his nickname |
| George Gershwin | -lived in Tin Pan Alley (became the epicenter of popular music) and Broadway -no formal trainning -finest American Opera: Porgy & Bess -Instrumental works |
| National: Classical Use of Military Band Music | -John Phillip Sousa, Bandmaster, most important bandmaster in U.S. history -Charles Ives, a businessman/composer, first international composer from U.S., insurance saler at first |
| Copland | graduate studies in Paris, Nadia Bounlager (Copland's teacher), composed many genres: U.S. Nationalism, Neoclassicm, Dodecaphonic |
| Appalachian Song | composer: Compland, music for ballet, later a concert, primary melody is simple gifts in section 7 based on religious sect |
| Revelutas | a composer, mexican, child prodigy of the violin, Spanish civil war upset him, died at age 40, music is colorful & fookloric |
| Homenaje e Fedrico Garci a Lorca | composer: Revueltas, chamber ensemble, small string section, celebrtes poet's life (Lorca's), movment III: son(rondo-like form) and evocative of mariachi ensemble |
| Mariachi Enesamble | focuses on guitar and trumpet |
| son | -Mexican dance song -III mvt of Homenja e Fedrico Garci a Lorca -rondo-like form -Lorca (master poet) |
| serial | means the same as tone row |
| instrumentation | music does not flow, but jumps leaps and bounds |
| Musique Concrete | music made up of natural sounds and sound effects that are recorded and then manipulated electronically. |
| Tape Music | music created by using tapes |
| Synthesizer | -Widespread popularity after "Switched-on Bach" -created by Walter/Wendy Carlos (who got a sex change after he got enough money) whose instrument was the Moog piano |
| Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) | a technical standard that describes a protocol, digital interface and connectors and allows a wide variety of electronic musical instruments, computers and other related devices to connect and communicate with one another |
| Digital Sampling | takes a recording of sounds and comes up with pitches |
| Babbitt | composer who combined electronic music with live performers |
| Oliveros | -composer who used mixed media, multichannel tape, and live performers -experimented with live electronic music |
| Britten | a composer of Neo-Romanticism, from England, composed opera and choral work |
| The War Requiem | -a dedication of the wicked war -written for choir & orchestra; & an English tenor, a Russian soprano, & a German baritone-representing 3 of the belligerents in World War II |
| Experimentalism | -the art since the Mid-Twentieth Century -social turmoil reflected in the arts -movements in the arts: abstract expressionism, pop art, post-modernism, feminist art, ethnic art and literature -performance art |
| John Cage | from U.S., studied East Asian philosophies, quest for tranquility |
| Chance Music (or indeterminacy or aleatoic music) | -was a balance or counter to total serialism -random determinations of portions of a "happening" -4'3" is the competion that can be played on any instrument |
| Sonata V, from Sonatas and Interludes | -composer: Cage -medium: prepared piano (to simulate Javanese gamelan) -items inserted in the piano strings (screws, etc.) -gong like songs -form binary (A-A-B-B) -nonmetrical |
| Higdon (Jennifer) | born in Brooklyn, graduate of U of Penn, won a Pulitzer Prize |
| blue cathedral | -composer: Higdon -medium: full orchestra, expanded percussion -genre: symphonic poem -form: sectional, rondo-like -rhythm is very complex -use of tintinnabulation - the ringing or soundings of bells -written as a tribute to Higdon's brother |
| Neo-Romanticism | -reaction to the pseudo intellectualism and alienation of the 12-tone movement -favors the practices from the romantic era: full melody center, home tone |
| Bright Sheng | born in Shanghai, cultural revolution mad him come to U.S.,post modernist studied at Queens Collage and Columbia, got MacArthur Foundation "genius" Award, teaches at University of Michigan |
| China Dreams (from larger work Prelude) | -compose: Sheng -genre: symphonic suite -form: A-B-C (sectional) -East meets West -glissando (to slide from one note to another) |
| Pentatonic scale | 5 note scale |
| Part (composer) | from Estonia, religious convictions vs. Soviet Union, lived in West Berlin, Latin and Orthodox church choral music |
| Cantate Domino canticum novum | -means: sing to the lord a new song -composer: Part -Latin text based on a Pslam -medieval-chant-like melody -varied texture, use of counterpoint -SATB chorus vs. Organ -Tintinnabular (ringing ball) style |
| Neo-Renaissance (AKA-Spiritual Minimalism) | -music, painting, and sculpture -barest essentials -music turns away from serialism -features repition of melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic patterns |
| Adams (composer) | from U.S., post-minimalist, harvard trained, wrote serial music, based in San Francisco, advocate fore contemporary music, minimalism + Neo-Romanticism |
| Doctor Atomic; "At the sight of this" | -composer: Adams -the repetition of minimalists -emancipated dissonance -short-phrased -prominent percussion and heavy accents of much 20th century music |
| Underscoring | playing of music quietly under dialogue or a visual scene |
| Source Music | source of the music is in the actual picture |
| Letimotif | a recurring musical phrase associated with a particular person, place, or idea |
| Rachel Portman | from England, first women to win an Academy Award for best music in the the movie Emma |
| Tan Dun | -from China -cultural revolution: "new wave" of Chinese composers -his music was banned -worked at Columbia University in New York -post-modern blend of Asian musical traditions and Western styles -composed opera, symphony, film score, etc. |
| Harry Potter | -composer: John Williams -generally a "Tchaikovsky-like" score -full orchestra -use of leitmotifs |
| Raiders of the Lost Ark: "Raiders' March" | -composer: John Williams -genre: film score -form: march-and-trio; ternary & coda -use of lietmotifs, ostinato |
| Ostinato | music feature repeated over, & over |
Created by:
NickUD
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