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RES 280 Test 1
Solutions, Body Fluids and Electrolytes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is pH defined? | Negative logarithm of the H+ ion concentration of a solution. |
| The ease with which a gas dissolves into a solvent is at least partially determined by which of the following? | Gas temperature |
| An adult's insensible water through the lungs averages what level? | 200 ml/day |
| What is a normal K+ blood level? | 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. |
| If airway humidification is inadequate, a patient with a tracheostomy can have additional water losses as high as what level? | 700 ml/day |
| Which of the following describes serum Ca2+? | Serum Ca2+ is present in three forms: ionized, protein bound, and complex. |
| Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia would NOT include which of the following? | Metabolic alkalosis |
| What type of solution could have 1 gEq of solute per L of solution? | Normal |
| During recovery from a serious surgery or trauma, how much water is likely to be produced in a 24-hour period by the catabolism of fat and proteins? | 1000 ml |
| By what process is water replenished? | II. Ingestion III. Metabolism |
| A serum value of 140 mEq/L of Na is equivalent to how many mg/dl? | 322 mg/dl |
| What is the relation between pure water and acid-base balance? | The concentrations of both H+ and OH- ions are equal. |
| A solution holding the maximum amount of solute in a given volume at a constant temperature is said to be what? | Saturated |
| Which of following is NOT a nonhydroxide base? | Ammonium |
| Clinical symptoms of hyponatremia would NOT include which of the following? | Bradycardia |
| Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia would NOT include which of the following? | Depressed tendon reflexes |
| Patients with what condition are prone to evaporative water loss through the lungs? | I. Artificial airways III. Increased ventilation |
| You prepare a solution by combining 5 g of glucose with 95 g of water. What type of solution are you making? | Percent |
| What is the normal range for serum phosphate? | 1.2 to 2.3 mEq/L. |
| Intracellular water represents about what proportion of total body water? | 2/3 |
| Which of the following drugs can be used to temporarily lower K+ in severe hyperkalemia? | Insulin |
| Pick the correct statement as it relates to hemoglobin and acid-base buffering. | Deoxygenated hemoglobin is a fairly strong base |
| How is the gram-equivalent (gEq) weight of a substance computed? | Dividing its gram atomic weight by its valence. |
| What is the smallest fluid subcompartment of extracellular water? | Transcellular |
| Supply the definition for a base substance. | Any compound that will accept a proton. |
| Which of the following describe roles played by HCO3-? | II. It is the primary vehicle for blood carbon dioxide transport. III. It plays a key role in acid-base homeostasis. |
| Which of the following is FALSE regarding body fluids and electrolytes? | Interstitial fluid contains substantially more protein than does plasma. |
| In which of the following solutions do the molecules of solute remain intact? | Nonpolar covalent |
| An adult's insensible water loss averages what level? | 900 ml/day |
| Which of the following is FALSE regarding water balance and the gastrointestinal tract? | The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for the most sensible fluid loss. |
| What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia? | Renal failure |
| What is the gEq weight of an acid? | Amount of the acid containing 1 mol of replaceable H+ ions. |
| I. Postsurgical patients II. Those with renal disease III. Trauma victims | |
| Positive ions are referred to as what? | Cations |
| Hypokalemia disturbs cellular function in ALL but one of the following systems. Which one does it NOT affect? | Hepatic |
| Which of the following describes an aspect of pH? | Any solution with a pH of 7 is neutral. |
| Which of the following are true regarding water in the human body? | II. Total body water depends on an individual's weight and sex. III. Water constitutes about 45% to 80% of an individual's body weight |
| What is the most prominent anion in the body? | Cl- |
| Where is most of the Mg 2+ found in the body? | In the cells |
| Which answer best describes the relationship between K+ movement and acid-base balance? | Excess extracellular H+ ions are exchanged for intracellular K+. |
| The most important physiological characteristic of solutions is their ability to exert pressure. | True |
| What is the attractive force of solute particles in a concentrated solution? | Osmotic pressure |
| What is the average urine output in a healthy adult? | 1000 to 1200 ml/day |
| Water can be lost from the body through what organ systems? | I. Gastrointestinal tractIII. Lungs IV. Skin |
| The combination of red blood cells in plasma is a good example of what? | Suspension |
| Which of the following is an isotonic solution? | 0.90% NaCl |
| If a 60% solution (A) were exposed to a 10% solution (B) across a semipermeable membrane, what would be the strength of each solution following equilibrium? | Solution A 35%/solution B 35% |
| What are the main intracellular electrolytes? | I. K+ III. Phosphate IV. Sulfate |
| What is a characteristic of an acid? | Is a proton donor |
| 50. Question : Which of the following is NOT a major extracellular electrolyte? | K+ |
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Cam1228
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