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Motor Ch.7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fitts law | MT = a + b log2 (2D/W) |
| Speed-Accuracy Trade Off | When speed and accuracy are necessary for a skill |
| Open Loop | Occurs at movement initiation |
| Closed Loop | Occurs at termination based on vision and proprioception |
| Preparation Movement Phase | Assess regulatory conditions of the environment |
| Initial Flight Movement Phase | Fast beginning movement of limb in direction of the target (50% time until target, takes 95% of entire MT) |
| Termination Movement Phase | Spatial movement corrections |
| Prehension | Transport, grasp and object manipulation. Vision relationships: enhanced when looking at object. Estimates spatial and temporal. |
| Temporal Relationships of Prehension | 1. Object Size Influence (Grip Aperature and Velocity Profile) 2. Grip Aperature Occurs at 2/3 MT |
| Intermittent Feedback Hypothesis | Intermittent Feedback generates submovement corrections, which increases movement time. |
| Impulse-timing Hypothesis | Pre-conceived muscle commands generate impulses (forces during specific time) and results in movement variability. Inaccuracies would call for slower movement the next round. |
| Multiple Submovements Hypothesis | Intitial impuleses are programmed and if there is inaccuracy, there is submovement correction that adjust velocity. Submovement number relates to MT, distance and width of targets. |
| Prehension and Fitts Law | Movement distance and object width influenced movement time during prehension. Movement time is increased with smaller objects. Index of difficulty was developed by aiming (water in mug) |
| Handwriting | Different control mechanisms with how and what is written. Individual variation based on limb involvement.Demonstrates characterisitcs of coordinative structure. |
| Motor Equivalence | Person can adapt to different specific writing demands (surface, force, size, direction) |
| Handwriting and Vision | Vision provides important info (spatial arrangement on horizontal line AND provide accurate patterns of handwriting) |
| Bimanual Coordination | Skill that requires use of two arms: symmetrical (preferred) or asymmetrical (more difficult) coordination. Arms are synergistically coupled (practice can uncouple). |
| Locomotion | Central Pattern Generators (CPG) involved in control. Provide rhythmicity, but proprioceptive feedback also influences gait. Head stability important. |
| Rhythmic Locomotor Structure | Components of Step Cycle or either 2:1/1:1 and 0.2 - 1.2 ms. Limbs in phase in slow move, out of fast in fast move (used to asses problems in trunk and limbs and Parkinsons) |
| Locmotor and Vision | Contacting and Avoiding Contact with Objects. Influences movements before initiation. |
| Catching a Moving Object | Does not involve stationary object and action ends when grasping occurs. Three phases: 1. Initial positioning of arm/hand 2. Shaping of hand/fingers (earlier shaping = more catch success) Tau and Looming involved. 3. Object grasp |
| Catching and Time | Critical time periods are Intital Flight AND Prior to Hand Contact. Between the two phases, brief and intermittent snapshots are taken. Inexperienced must see, experienced do not. |
| Striking a Moving Object | Ball Speed effect (bat movement initiation is variable) and Visual Contact with Ball (not watched but vision turns to predicted trajectory) |
Created by:
rglatt
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