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MC Pharm II Exam 4
Fabick
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| levodopa (L-Dopa) | dopaminergic Agents |
| levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet) | dopaminergic Agents |
| amantadine HCL (Symmetrel) | dopamine agonist |
| bromcriptine mesylate (Parlodel) | dopamine agonist |
| benztropine (Cogentin) | anticholinergic |
| trihexphenidyl (Artane) | anticholinergic |
| diphenhydramine hcl (Benadryl) | anticholinergic & cannabinoids |
| ethopropazine (Parsidol) | anticholinergic |
| procyclidine (Kemadrin) | anticholinergic |
| belladonaa alkaloids | anticholinergic |
| atropine | anticholinergic |
| scopolamine | anticholinergic |
| donepezil hcl (Aricept) | AchE Inhibitors |
| tacrine (Cognex) | AchE Inhibitors |
| rivastigmine tartrate (Exelon) | AchE Inhibitors |
| memantine (Namenda) | glutamergic inhibitors |
| interferon beta 1 & 1a (Avonex, Rebif, Betaseron) | Immune modulating or BMR |
| glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) | Immune modulating or BMR |
| azathioprine (Imuran) | Immune modulating or BMR |
| cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) | immunosuppressant |
| mitoxantrone (Novantrone) | immunosuppressant |
| drugs for chronic progressive MS | cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), mitoxantrone (Novantrone), & adrenocorticotriphic hormone (ACTH) |
| drugs for remission-exacerbation MS | interferon beta 1 & 1a (Avonex, Rebif, Betaseron), glatiramer acetate (Copaxone), & azathioprine (Imuran) |
| side effects for chronic progressive MS drugs | N/V, GI discomfort, allergic reactions, alopecia, blue-green tint to urine, & irreversible cardiac damage, possible teratogenic |
| side effects of remission-exacerbation MS drugs | flu like, discomfort at injection site, & liver toxicity |
| acute attack drugs for MS | glucocorticoid (Prednisone) & adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
| which of the chronic progressive MS drugs is most toxic? | mitoxantrone (Novantrone) |
| Which drug do you need to give at a 14 day with tapering? | ACTH |
| Which drug do you watch the WBC & only give 5 days? | cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) |
| What is a synthetic protein that stimulates proteins that make up the myelin sheath to decrease attacks & lesions? | glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) |
| what reduces spasticity & improves muscle tone & is given IM every other day? | interferon beta 1 & 1a (Avonex, Rebif, Betaseron) |
| drugs that block NMDA receptors & may slow ca accumulation to prevent further damage. allowing more glutamate to be available for learning & memory? | memantine (Namenda) |
| overdose s&s for glutamergic inhibitors | severe n/v, sweating, salivation, hypotesnion, bradycardia, increased muscle weakness & convulsions |
| side effects of AchE Inhibitor drugs | V/D, dark urine, insomnia, H/A, fatigue, urinary incontinence, blurred vision, arthralgia |
| what improves memory? | AchE Inhibitors |
| How long does it take before parkinsons is controlled with medicaitons? | weeks to 2-4 months |
| Drugs that cause discolored urine when exposed to air? | anticholinergics for parkinsons |
| what drugs do you not abruptly discontinue? | anticholinergics for parkinsons |
| anticholinergics are CI with what? | glaucoma & myesthenia gravis |
| what class for parkinsons reduces the rigidity & some of the tremors but not the bradykinesia? | anticholinergics |
| side effects of Parlodel? | n, orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, chest pain, edema, nightmares, delusions, confusion |
| What drug is the dose decreased if taken with Levedopa? | bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel) |
| which drug works directly on the dopamine receoptors? | bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel) |
| Which dopamine drug is also an antiviral? | amantadine hcl (Symmetrel) |
| which drug causes the release of neuronal sites & increase accumulation in peripheral & centrally. less effective than levedopa but fewer side effects? | amantadine hcl (Symmetrel) |
| onset of this drug is 48 hrs. | amantadine hcl (Symmetrel) |
| side effects include for amantadine hcl (Symmetrel) | orthostatic hypotension, confusion, urinary retention, & c |
| which drug acts by decreasing peripheral breakdown ofj levodopa to decrease side effects while increasing the amount of levodopa to blood? | levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet) |
| Which dopamine drug is a single daily dose? | levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet) |
| which drug is most effective in treating parkinson & acts by inhibiting enzymes that destroy it in the body or convert by dopadecarboxydase to dopamine? | levodopa (L-Dopa) |
| therapeutic effect for this durg takes 2-3 weeks while the full effect takes 2-4 months | levodopa (L-Dopa) |
| CI for glaucoma pts | levodopa (L-Dopa) |
| side effects for levodopa (L-Dopa) | GI disress, A/N/V, confusion, nervousness, dyskinesia, choreiform movements, euphoria, agitation, orthostatic hypotension, palpitation, tachycardia, cardiac dysrhythmias, HTN, insomnia, tolerance, & anticholinergics |
| choreiform movements | twisting wormlike |
| which drug should you monitor intraocular pressure, hepatic, renal, & cardio status | levodopa (L-Dopa) |
| given in a titrate dose | levodopa (L-Dopa) |
| works by blocking action potential of electrical activity or by interfering with synaptic transmission of electrical impulses. | AEDs |
| Classes of AEDs | hydantoins, barbiturates, benzodizepines, succinimides, misc antiepileptics |
| phenytoin (Dilantin) | hydantoins |
| phenobarbital (Luminal) | barbiturates |
| primidone (Mysoline) | barbiturates |
| clonzepam (Klonopin) | benzodizepines |
| clorazepate (Tranxene) | benzodizepines |
| midazolam (Versed) | benzodizepines |
| ethosuximide (Zarontin) | succinimides |
| carbamazepine (Tegretol) | misc antiepileptics |
| valproic acid (Depakote, Depakene) | misc antiepileptics |
| Used to treat tonic clonic & partial seizures | phenytoin (Dilantin) |
| used to treat status epilepticus | phenobarbital (Luminal), primidone (Mysoline), diazepam (Valium), & midazolam (Versed) |
| DOC for status epileptics | diazepam (Valium) |
| DOC for absence seizures | ethosuximide (Zarontin) |
| used to treat benign tremors & seizures | primidone (Mysoline) |
| promotes Na movement into neurons in the motor cortex increasing threshhold & preventing spread of electrical impulses | hydantoins |
| stimulates GABA receptors & inhibits the transmission & neuronal firing increasing the threshold & increase movement of Cl into cells | barbiturates |
| prevent the spread of electrical seizure activity by stimulating GABA | benzodizepines |
| decrease respnse to repeative stimuli in the basal ganglia & cortex | succinimides |
| similar to dilantin | carbamazepine (Tegretol) |
| side effects of phenytoin (Dilantin) | CNS depression, slurred speech, irritability, twitch, drowsy, agranulocytosis, anemai, hypoprothrombinemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, N/V/D/C, wt gain, red brown urin, gingival hyperplasia, teratogenic |
| side effects of bariturates | CNS depression, respiratory depression, drowsy, & idiosyncratic with kids & elderly |
| side effects of benzodiazepines | CNS depression, respiratory depression, sedation |
| side effects of succinimides | A/N/V/D/C, abd pain, wt loss, CNS depression, difficult concentration, mental slowness, drowsiness, ataxia, HA, lethargy, euphoria, photosensitivity, insomnia, bloody dyscrasias, & bone marrow suppression |
| side effects of tegretol | fatal blood dyscrasias, n/v, drowsy, decreased coordination, confusion, speech disturbances, abnormal involuntary movements, peripheral neuritis, photosensitivity |
| side effects of valproic acid | thrombocytopenia, N/V, sedation, & increased liver enzymes |
| cyclobenzaprine HCL (Flexeril) | centrally acting muscle relaxants |
| baclofen (Lioresal) | centrally acting muscle relaxants |
| chlorzoxazone (Paraflex, Parafon Forte) | centrally acting muscle relaxants |
| diazepam (Valium) | centrally acting muscle relaxants & benzodizepines & Anxiolytics |
| carisoprodol (Soma) | centrally acting muscle relaxants |
| meethocarbamol (Robaxin) | centrally acting muscle relaxants |
| orphenadrine citrate (Norflex, Flexon) | centrally acting muscle relaxants |
| dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) | peripherally or direct acting muscle relaxants |
| botulinum toxin type A (Botox, Dysport) | newer direct-acting muscle relaxant |
| botulinum toxin type B (Myobloc) | newer direct-acting muscle relaxant |
| meprobamate (Equanil, Miltown) | Anxiolytics |
| side effects for centrally acting muscle relaxants | n/v, tachycardia, dry mouth, rash, asthma attacki, blurred vision, sedation, drowsy, insomnia, hyptoension, diplopia |
| side effects for peripherally or direct acting muscle relaxants | A/N/V/D, sweating, photosensitivity, urinary retention, liver toxicity, muscle weakness, drowsy, dizzy, insomnia, tachycardia, hypotension |
| drugs that block interneuronal activity to the brain & spinal cord | centrally acting muscle relaxants |
| works directly on the muscle for relaxation especially spastic. interferes with Ca ions release. | peripherally acting muscle relaxants |
| causes weakness or paralysis of involved muscles due to blocking hte release of acetylcholine from the nerve terminals | newer direct-acting muscle relaxants |
| inhibits afferent spinal synaptics pathways & directly suppresses muscle function at the NMJ or synapse | diazepam (Valium) |
| these drugs cause lowered blood sugar levels so DM pts should monitor levels closely | centrally acting muscle relaxants |
| do not discontinue this drug abruptly | centrally acting muscle relaxants |
| important to monitor for hepatotoxicity in what drug? | dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) |
| also used to treat malignant hyperthermia | dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) |
| avoid extravastion of the this drug if given IV | dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) |
| therapeutic effect takes about 1 wk if taken PO | dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) |
| treats dystonias & migraines | newer direct-acting muscle relaxants |
| repeated injections every 3-6 month is required for what meds & also can result in the loss of effectiveness | newer direct-acting muscle relaxants |
| what drug should you not mix or dilute. give IV slowly & IM deep | diazepam (Valium) |
| used topically to decrease chemical transmission to sensory allowing relaxation of the muslces | cayenne |
| what is the active ingredient in cayenne? | capsaicin |
| important thing to remember when applying cayenne | placed only on intact skin |
| dronabinol (Marinol) | cannabinoids |
| trimethobenzamide (Tigan) | cannabinoids |
| benzquinamide HCL (Emete-Con) | cannabinoids |
| hydroxyzine HCL (Vistaril, Atarax) | cannabinoids |
| scopolamine transdermal (Transderm Scop) | cannabinoids |
| dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) | cannabinoids |
| meclizine (Antivert) | cannabinoids |
| ondansetron (Zofran) | selective serotonin receptor antagonists |
| metoclopramide (Reglan) | GI Stimulants |
| cisapride (Propulsid) | GI Stimulants |
| sibutramine (Meridia) | anorexiants |
| pancrelipase (Pancrease, Cotazym, Ilozyme, & others) | digestive enzymes |
| pancreatin (Pancrezyme, Creon, & others) | digestive enzymes |
| Ipecac | emetics |
| contains active ingredient found in marijunana causing euphoria, antiemetic, & relaxation response | dronabinol (Marinol) |
| depresses the CRT zone at the medulla to treat N/V | trimethobenzamide (Tigan) |
| depresses the CRT zone & prevents & treats N/V | benzquinamide HCL (Emete-Con) |
| unknown action. anticholinergic. helps with anxiety, pruritus with allergy, pre/post op sedation, DTs, adjuncts to narcotics, N/V | hydroxyzine HCL (Vistaril, Atarax) |
| inhibits effects in the vestibular area of the CNS & the V center | scopolamine transdermal (Transderm Scop) |
| used for motion sickness | dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) |
| treats vertigo, Meneires disease, & motion sickness | meclizine (Antivert) |
| blocks the receptors that are stimulated by serotonin in the CTZ to prevent N/V | ondanestron (Zofran) |
| blocks dopamine receptors in the CRT zone | metoclopramide (Reglan) |
| inhibits prostaglandin synthesis to help chemotherapy induced v | corticosteroids |
| contains enzymes lipase, protease, & amylase replaceing it d/t decrease in pancreas & help complete the final stages of digestion | digestive enzymes |
| side effects for dronabinol (Marinol) | euphoria, confusion, ataxia, increased sensory awareness, decreased motor coordination, paranoia, hunger (cheo appetite stimulant), hungover appearance |
| side effects for trimethobenzamide (Tigan) | sedation, H/A, loose stools, dizziness, muscle cramps, blurred vision, seziures, severe v, depression, tremors, weakness, sore throat, jaundice |
| side effects benzquinamide HCL (Emete-Con) | sedation, agitation, insomnia, H/A, dry mouth, increased sweating, increased salivation, blurred vision, hiccups, EPS, hypo/HTN, dysrhythmias |
| side effects of hydroxyzine HCL (Vistaril, Atatrax) | drowsiness, dry mouth |
| side effects for scopolamine transdermal (Transderm scop) | c, dry skin, dry mucous membranes, blurred vision, drowsiness, insomnia , difficulty urinating, photophobia, dysphagia, glaucoma, & IIOP |
| side effects for ondansetron (Zofran) | HTN, anxiety drowsiness, abd pain, D, xerostomia |
| side effects for Reglan | loose stools, dizzy, orthostatic hypotension, drowsy, abd pain, N/V, anorexia, wt. loss, difficulty urinating & breathing, chest pain, paresthesia, hallucinations, visual disturbances, nightmares, agranulocytosis, EPS |
| side effects of cisapride (Propulsid) | D/N/V, stomach distress |
| side effects of anorexiants | H/A, insomnia, dry mouth, HTN, tachycardia |
| side effects of digestive enzymes | N/D, abd cramping, avoid skin contact d/t irritation, caution with asthma d/t ability to cause asthma attack if accidentally inhaled |
| what medication is it important not to crush, chew, or change brands? | digestive enzymes |
| CI for pork allergy | digestive enzymes |
| What drug is not used in children with viral illness d/t risk of Reye syndrome? | trimethobenzamide (Tigan) |
| what drug do you need to check BP prior to administration & after? | trimethobenzamide (Tigan) |
| used cautiously with DHD, electrolyte imbalances, high fever, gastroenteritis, or encephalitis | trimethobenzamide (Tigan) |
| what drug is given 15 mins prior to emergence of anesthesia | benzquinamide HCL (Emete-Con) |
| patch placed on mastoid process that can cause one sided pupillary dilation. placed 4-12hrs prior to & can be left on for 3 days. | scopolamine transdermal (Transderm Scop) |
| given 30 mins prior to chemo IV. 2 hrs prior to radiation PO | ondansetron (Zofran) |
| avoid using this medication with pt who have epilepsy, pheochromocytoma, GI increased motility is hazardous or already increased. | GI stimulants |
| administered 30 mins before meals & at HS | GI stimulants |
| pt must have a BMI >30 or 27 with risk factors (DM , HTN) | sibutramine (Meridia) |
| must be given a 2 week washout b/w MAOIs | Meridia |
| fluoxetine (Prozac) & sertaline (Zoloft) | can be used like Meridia |
| older preps of anorexiants caused what types of problems? | cardiac & addictive b/c of amphetamines, fen-phen, or ephedra alkaloids |
| inhibits or blocks the effect of Ach to balance it with dopamine. inhibits the overactivity of the brain & muscle tremors/rigidity. | benztropine (Cogentin) |
Created by:
midnight1854
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