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PS EOCT Chap.4 Vocab
PS EOCT Chapter 4 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atomic Theory | Theory that all matter is made up of atoms |
| Matter | Anything with mass and that takes up space |
| Valence Shell | The energy level that is the outermost of an atom |
| Subatomic Particles | Particles that make up atoms |
| Proton | Subatomic particle found in the nucleus with a charge of +1 |
| Electron | Subatomic particle found flying around the nucleus with a charge of -1 |
| Atom | Tiny particles that make up all matter |
| Neutron | Subatomic particle found in the nucleus with nooo charge at all |
| Nucleus | The dense center of an atom composed of all the protons and neutrons |
| Orbitals | The area around a nucleus that electrons occupy |
| Electron Configuration | The organization of electrons around the nucleus |
| Energy Levels | The different levels of orbitals that the electrons can be found in |
| Element | A substance that cannot be broken down |
| Atomic Number | The amount of protons in an atom's nucleus |
| Atomic Mass Unit (AMU) | The unit of measuring the mass of subatomic particles |
| Daltom | Another form of the AMU |
| Periodic Table | A table of all the elements in an organized pattern |
| Periods | A horizontal row of elements |
| Groups (Families) | A vertical row of elements |
| Alkali Metals | The first group of ver reactive metals with only one valence electron |
| Alkaline Earth Metals | The second group that are reactive and have two valence electrons |
| Transition Metals | Metals from the groups 3-13 |
| Luster | A property of a substance when it shines |
| Malleable | When hit, an object can bend or flatten without breaking into more than one piece |
| Ductile | Turning into thin sheets or wires without breaking into more than one piece |
| Conductors | Being able to pass on heat or electricity |
| Nonmetals | Substances that do not have the properties of metals |
| Halogens | The 17th group that is very, very reactive and gains one electron to have a full valence shell |
| Noble Gases | The last group that has a full valence shell and does not react with any other elements |
| Inert | Something that does not react |
| Metalloids | An element that has some of the properties of metals, as called semiconductors because of their ability to conduct at some temps. |
| Semiconductors | An element that acts as a conductor at some temperatures |
| Bonding | The combining of two or more elements |
| Molecules | A cluster of bonded atoms |
| IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: new elements are evaluated there |
| Actinides | A period of elements that is found underneath the Periodic Table |
| Transactinides | Elements that are being made past the actinides and are not on the Periodic Table |
| Lanthanides | Another period found underneath the Actinides |
| Valence Electron | Electrons found in the valence shell of an atom |
| Ionization Energy | Energy needed to ionize an atom |
| Stable | The amount of energy in an atom |
| Electronegativity | The attraction of an atom to an electron |
| Chemical Reactivity | The ability of an atom to chemically bond to other atoms |
| Ion | An atom with a different number of protons and electrons, which gives it its charge |
| Cation | An atom with more protons than electrons |
| Anion | An atom with more electrons than protons |
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