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XR 104 Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what size film do we use for an xray of the abdomen | 14 x 17 |
| how do we place the film for an xray of the abdomen | lengthwise |
| which bones articulate with the phalanges and the tarsals | metatarsals |
| what bones are located in the hind portion of the foot | calcaneus talus |
| what is the palpable portion at the distal end of the fibula called? | the lateral malleolus (mal-e-o-lus) |
| what is the SID for imaging lower extremities | 40" |
| how many standard views of the pelvis are there? | 1 |
| what are the 3 bones that make up the hip bone? | ischium ilium pubis |
| the anatomic name for the knee cap | patella |
| where is the CR for AP projection of the knee | 1/2" below the apex of the patella |
| what is the only articulation between the pelvic girdle? | pubic symphysis |
| what is the film/screen speed for an ankle? | 100-200 |
| where is the CR located when imaging the abdomen in the supine position | perpendicular to the center of the film though a point mid-line at the level of the iliac crest |
| when the leg is extended in the supine position, the ankle is maximally dorsiflexed, and the central ray is directed 40 degrees cephalic through the plantar surface of the foot, the resulting image is | axial calcaneus |
| which of the following are true regarding the correct position for an AP projection of the lower leg? | the leg should be extended and resting on the film the ankle should be dorsiflexed so that it forms a 90 angle with the film the sagittal plane of the leg is placed perpendicular to the film |
| which of the following is true regarding the correct positioning of the ankle for a lateral projection | the central ray enters perpendicular to the medial malleolus (mal-e-o-lus) |
| where is the CR directed for an AP projection of the toes? | perpendicular to the MTP joint |
| how is the part positioned for an AP projection of the ankle | posterior surface of the heel and lower leg is in contact with the film midpoint between the malleoli is centered to the film foot is dorsiflexed so that the plantar surface forms a 90 degree angle with the lower leg |
| which surface of the foot should be in contact with the film for the lateral projection of the foot? | lateral |
| where is the CR directed for the lateral projection of the knee | 5-7 degrees cephalic entering 1" distal to the femoral medial condyle |
| what is the film/screen speed for imaging the pelvis | 300-400 |
| this part of the pelvis is where the 3 hip bones fuse in the mid-teen years | acetabulum (ass-a-tab-u-lum) |
| the CR for the xray of the hip is located | midfemoral neck |
| where should the central ray enter the patient for an AP projection of the ankle | perpendicular to a point midway between the maleoli |
| what is the proper CR angle and direction for a plantodorsal projection of the calcaneus | 40 degrees cephalic |
| what is the function of an "osteoclast" | destroy bone |
| when the leg is extended and the ankle is dorsiflexed to form a 90 degree angle, and the leg is then rotated medially 45 degrees, the CR is perpendicular to the film though a point midway between the malleoli, the resulting image will demonstrate | the oblique projection of the ankle |
| how much flexion of the knee is recommended for the lateral projection of the patella | 5-10 degrees or less |
| what is one advantage of taking a lateromedial projection of the foot | the foot assumes a more true lateral positoin |
| a 3-5 degree angle caudal should be used for an AP projection of the knee for patients with thick thighs | false, 3-5 cephalic |
| the mediolateral position of the femur will demonstrate the entire femur with one, single exposure | false |
| which projection demonstrates osgood-schlatter disease | AP and lateral knee |
| saclike structures found in the knee joint that allow smooth articulations betwen the ligaments and tendons are called? | bursae |
| True or False: to reduce scatter radiation during table top procedures, the Bucky tray should not be positioned directly under the lower limb being radiographed | true |
| a radiographic appearance of a well-circumscribed lucency within bone describes | a bone cyst |
| True or False: a correctly positioned AP 45 degree medial oblique ankle position frequently may also demonstrate a fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal IF a fracture is present | true |
| which structure or bone contains a sustentaculum tali? | Talus |
| an image of an AP ankle projection reveals that the lateral joint space is not open. In other words the lateral malleolus is partially superimposed by the talus. What should you do to correct this problem? | dorsiflex the foot |
| which bones fuse to form the acetabulum? | ilium ischium pubis |
| the medial malleolus is found on which long bone? | the tibia |
| a non-traumatic patient comes in to the office with a history of chronic right hip pain. The patient is ambulatory but hasn't had previous xrays of the hip. What xrays should be taken? | AP pelvis and a frog-leg projection of the right hip |
| True of False: a correctly positioned ankle will demonstrate the lateral malleolus over the posterior half of the tibia | true |
| the adductor tubercle is located on the posterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle | true |
| why must the lower limb be rotated medially 15-20 degrees for an AP projection of the hip? | to place the femoral neck parallel to the film |
| True or False: AP weight bearing projections of the knees should have the knees flexed 20 degrees with a 10 degree caudal angle on the xray tube | FALSE |
| which gender corresponds to the following pelvis description: acute angle of the pelvic arch | male |
| True or False: the foot must be dorsiflexed so that the long axis of the foot is perpendicular to the image receptor for an AP and mortise projection of the ankle | true |
| a patient comes into the office with a possible transverse fracture of the patella. what is the best way to safely image the patella? | AP and lateral, not more than 10 degrees of flexion of the knee |
| True or False: the correct placement of the CR for an AP projection of the knee is midpatella | false |
| a radiographic appearance of a highly malignant and extensive destructive lesion that usually occurs in long bones and produces a sunburst pattern describes: | an osteogenic sarcoma |
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cambridgeuniversity
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