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PSY 220 Ch 8

Experimental Research Design

QuestionAnswer
The outline, plan, or strategy used to investigate the research problem. Research Design
Designs that do not control for many extraneous variable and provide weak evidence of cause and effect. Weak Experimental Designs
Administration of a posttest to a single group of participants after they have been given an experimental treatment condition. Treatment -> Posttest measure One-Group Posttest-Only Design
Design in which a treatment condition is interjected between a pretest and posttest of the DV. Pretest -> treatment -> posttest One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Design in which the performance of an experimental group is compared with that of a nonequivalent control group at the posttest. experiment group -> treatment -> posttest measure control group -> no treatment -> posttest measure Posttest-Only Design with Nonequivalent Groups
The group of participants that does not receive the active treatment condition and serves as a standard of comparison for determining whether the treatment condition produced and causal effect. Control group
The group of participants that receives the treatment condition that is intended to produce an effect. Experimental group
What the experimental group participants' responses would have been if they had not recieved the treatment. Counterfactual
Designs that effectively control extraneous variables and provide strong evidence of cause and effect. Strong Experimental Designs
Groups are produced by random assignment, and the different groups are exposed to the different levels of the IV. Between-Participants Designs
Between participants designs in which participants are randomly assigned to groups Randomized Designs
Administration of a posttest to two or more randomly assign groups of participants that receive the different levels of the IV. Experimental Group (Randomly assigned) -> treatment-> posttest Control Group (Randomly assigned) -> posttest Posttest-Only Control-Group Design
Administration of a posttest to two or more randomly assigned groups of participants after the groups have been pretested and administered the different levels of the IV. Pretest-Posttest Control-Group Design
Situation where participants' pretest scores on the DV are too high to allow for additional increases. (basically, the treatment might appear too effective when they didn't need the treatment to begin with) Ceiling Effect
A statistical procedure in which group means are compared after adjusting for pretest differences. Analysis of Covariance
All participants receive all conditions. Within-Participants Design
Another name for within-participants design Repeated Measures Design
All participants receive all conditions, and a posttest is administered after each condition is adminstered. Within-Participants Posttest-Only Design
Two or more IVs are studied to determine their separate and joint effects on the DV. Factorial Design
Type of IV where different participants receive different levels of teh IV. Between-Participants Variable
Type of IV where all participants receive all levels of the IV. Within-Participants Variable
Combination of levels of two or more IV. Cell
The average score of the participants in a single cell. Cell Mean
The average score of all participants receiving one level of an IV. Marginal Mean
The influence of one IV on the DV. Main Effect
The joint, combined, or "interactive" effect of two or more IV on the DV. Interaction Effect
The effect of one IV on the DV varies with the different levels of the other IV. Two-Way Interaction
A factorial design that uses a combination of within-participants and between-participants IV. Factorial Design Based on a Mixed Model
A two-way interaction that changes at the different levels of the third IV. Three-Way Interaction
What are the 3 weak experimental designs? Describe. 1. One-group posttest-only 2. One-group pretest-posttest 3. Posttest-Only with Nonequivalent groups
What are the 3 types of strong experimental designs? Describe and give their different types. 1. Between Participants -Posttest-only control-group design -Pretest-posttest control-group design 2. Within Participants -Within-participants posttest-only design 3. Factorial -between participants -within participants -mixed model
What is the structure of a posttest-only control-group design? What threats to internal validity does it eliminate and how? Treatment -> Posttest measure. Does not show what the ppts would have scored on DV if treatment was not received.
What are the components of a pretest-posttest control-group design? What threats of internal validity? Stregths and weaknesses? Pretest -> Treatment -> Posttest. Does not control for rival hypothesis.
What eliminates potential rival hypothesis? Two fucntions? Control group and experimental (treatment) group. Control group: 1. comEparison 2. control for rival hypothesis
Created by: nga
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