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SC Ch. 16 Notes
Science Chapter 16 Notes for Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who discovered radioactivity? | Henri Becquerel |
| What did he think? | fluorescent minerals have off X-rays |
| high-energy particles and rays that are emitted by the nuclei of a particular atom | nuclear radiation |
| Who worked with Becquerel and gave nuclear radiation a specific name? | Marie Curie |
| What did she call the process of nuclear radiation? | radioactivity |
| the process by which an unstable nucleus gives off nuclear radiation | radioactivity or radioactive decay |
| What is alpha decay? | the release of an alpha particle |
| What is an alpha particle? | two protons and 2 neutrons, with a mass number of four and a charge of 2+ |
| What happens to mass number and charge sums during radioactive decay? | they stay the same |
| the number of protons and neutrons and in nucleus of an atom | mass number |
| What is beta decay? | the release of a beta particle |
| What is a beta particle? | an electron (1- charge) or positron (1+ charge) with a mass number of zero because it has no protons or neutrons |
| atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons | isotope |
| What is the change of Carbon-14 decay? | a neutron changes into a proton and an electron |
| What is the change of Carbon-11 decay? | a proton breaking into a positron and a neutron |
| What happens to a nucleus during beta decay? | the nucleus always changes into the nucleus of another element |
| Does beta decay make atoms unstable or stable? | stable |
| the release of gamma rays as particles in the nucleus shift places | gamma decay |
| When are gamma rays emitted? | during alpha and beta decay |
| Why can't gamma rays make elements change? | they have no mass or charge |
| Why will atoms hit by nuclear radiation give up electrons? | the chemical bonds shatter |
| What can radiation do to living things? | induce radiation sickness, kill red blood cells, death |
| What can gamma rays damage? | metal (loses electrons), weakening structures |
| True or false? The greater the charge of particles, the more penetrating they are. | False; not mass and charge penetrate the most deeply |
| How is carbon-14 living in us? | it regenerates as it is used up, but after death is decays |
| What is the half-life of Carbon-14? | 5,730 years approximate |
| How far does carbon-14 dating work? | up to 50,000 years |
| How can radiation be used helpfully in patients? | tracers can be injected and the tracer is detected |
| How can radiation be helpful in construction? | radioactive isotopes can help find defects in structures |
| process by which a large nucleus splits into two small nuclei and releases energy in the process | nuclear fission |
| a continuous series of nuclear fission reactions | nuclear chain reaction |
| How can nuclear fission plants be bad? | great risk of a bad accident, nuclear waste that gives off high levels of radiation for thousands of years |
| How can nuclear fission plants be good? | cost less than fossil fuels because less fuel is needed, no CO2 is put into the air |
| two or more nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus | nuclear fusion |
| What is needed to make fusion work? | positively charged nuclei have to be able to come into contact, and high temperature is needed to make matter into plasma |
| What is the temperature needed to make matter into plasma? | 100,000,000 C |
| What is a good thing about nuclear fusion? | little radioactive material is released, less chance of an accident, fusion releases more energy per gram of fuel than fission does (sharing resources) |
| STUDY DIAGRAMS AND CAPTIONS!!!! MAKE SURE YOU KNOW DECAY!!!! |
Created by:
Tsarmina
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