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Matter and Energy
Matter and Energy Terminology
| Term/Question | Definition/Answer |
|---|---|
| matter (1-1) | the "stuff" that makes up the universe, scientifically defined as anything that has mass and takes up space |
| energy (1-1) | the ability to do work or cause change |
| chemistry (1-1) | the study of matter and how it changes |
| substance (1-1) | a single kind of matter that has distinct physical and chemical properties |
| physcial property (1-1) | a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing that substance into something else |
| chemical property (1-1) | a characteristic of a substance that is observed when that substance interacts with another substance |
| element (1-1) | a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means |
| compound (1-1) | a substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio |
| mixture (1-1) | a type of matter made from two or more substances that are in the same place but not chemically combined |
| physical change (1-1) | a change that alters the form or appearance of matter but does not change its actual chemical makeup |
| chemical change (1-1) | a change in matter that produces new substances |
| mechanical energy (1-1) | energy that relates to the motion or position of matter |
| thermal energy (1-1) | energy that relates to heat |
| electromagnetic energy (1-1) | energy that relates to light |
| electrical energy (1-1) | energy that relates to electric current and the movement of electric charges |
| chemical energy (1-1) | energy contained by matter itself, which transforms to other forms of energy during chemical reactions |
| 3 states of matter? (1-1) | solid, liquid, gas |
| 3 kinds of matter? (1-1) | element, compound, mixture |
| weight (1-2) | the measure of the force of gravity on an object |
| mass (1-2) | how much matter an object contains |
| International System of Units (SI) | a system used to measure the properties of matter |
| volume (1-2) | the amount of space matter occupies |
| density (1-2) | a physical property that relates the mass and volume of an object or material |
| How do you say g/cm3? (1-2) | grams per centimeter cubed |
| How do you say g/mL? (1-2) | grams per milliliter |
| What would you use to measure the volume of an object with an irregular shape? (1-2) | a graduated cylinder |
| Formula for volume? (1-2) | v = lwh (volume equals length times width times height) |
| Formula for density? (1-2) | D = M/V (density equals mass over volume/density equals mass divided by volume) |
| SI units for mass? (1-2) | kilogram (kg), gram (g) |
| SI units for volume? (1-2) | cubic meter (m3), cubic centimeter (cm3), milliliter (mL), liter (L) |
| What are g/cm3 and g/mL units of? (1-2) | volume |
| SI units for distance? (1-2) | meter (m), kilometer (km), centimeter (cm) |
| Density of water? (1-2) | 1.0 g/mL |
| Density of gold? (1-4) | 19.3 g/cm3 |
| atom (1-3) | the smallest particle of an element |
| molecule (1-3) | two or more atoms bonded together |
| chemical bond (1-3) | the force that holds two atoms together |
| Who was Democritus? (1-3) | Greek philosopher |
| Who was Dalton? (1-3) | British schoolteacher |
| atomos (Greek) (1-3) | uncuttable |
| Name the first four of Dalton's beliefs. (1-3) | 1. Atoms can't be broken down into smaller pieces; 2. In any element, all the atoms are exactly alike; 3. Atoms of different elements are different; 4. Atoms of two or more elements can combine to form compounds |
| Name the last 2 of Dalton's ideas. (1-3) | 5. Atoms of each element have a unique mass; 6. The masses of the elements in a compound are always in a constant ratio |
| True/False: Most molecules are made of two or more different types of atoms bonded together. | True |
| electrolysis (1-4) | "electric cutting", where a copper compound is dissolved in water; then electrodes are placed in the solution, and the wires are connected to a battery; one electrode becomes coated with copper; other materials form on electrode #2 |
| electrode (1-4) | a strip of metal used in copper purification (electrolysis) |
| How can you get an element out of its compound? (1-4) | You must cause the chemical bond to break through a chemical reaction. |
| What is panning? (1-4) | a process used to purify gold |
| blast furnace (1-4) | something used to purify iron |
| coke (1-4) | a material which has high content of carbon and is used in iron purification |
Created by:
Deineira
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