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pharmacolgy 2 exam 3
drugs/indications
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| octreotide | long acting somatosatin analog, suppresses growth in acromegaly, t1/2 ~80 min |
| Pegvisomant | injection, GH receptor competitive antagonist in acromegaly, goal to normalize serum IGF-1 levels, polyethylene glycol reduces clearance |
| mecasemin | recombinant IGF-a with IGF binding protein for long t1/2. for GH insensitive dwarfism and IGF-a deficiency |
| sermorelin | synthetic GHRH, mimics GHRH for diagnostic uses |
| replacement growth hormone | used for hypopituitary dwarfism, conditions of growth failure in children |
| replacement FSH, LH, hCG | induce ovulation in women with anovulation due to hypogondadotropic hypogonadism, PCOS, obesity and other causes, also controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in assisted reproductive technology procedures. in males- FSH and LH to induce sperm production |
| urofollitropin | purified human FSH, stimulate ovulation for invitro fertilization |
| follitropin | recombinant FSH, used to stimulate ovulation for invitro fertilization |
| cetrorelix | GnRH antagonists, control ovarian stimulation by suppressing the LH surge |
| ganirelix | GnRH antagonists, control ovarian stimulation by suppressing the LH surge |
| abrarelix | GnRH antagonist, used in treating prostate cancer, inhibit secretion of LH and FSH |
| bromocriptine | D2 agonists, treat hyperprolactinemia, restore ovulation, also acromegaly and parkinsons |
| cabergoline | D2 agonists, treat hyperprolactinemia, restore ovulation, also acromegaly and parkinsons |
| cosyntropin | mimetic of ACTH, diagnostic agent in people with adrenal insufficency |
| CRH | diagnostic agent to evaluate HPA axis |
| oxytocic drugs | used to induce labor, improve labor and prevent postpartum bleeding |
| oxytocin (syntocinon) | milk ejection, induce labor, etc |
| octapressin | uterine contraction, milk let down process |
| vasopressin injection (petressin) | synthetic ADH for diagnosis of diabetes insipidus (v2), postoperative abdominal distention/radiography (v1) |
| lypressin (diapid) | diabetes insipidus (v2) |
| terlipressin (glypressin) | specific for v1 receptor hypotension (septic shock), bleeding esphageal varices |
| Sodium levothyroxine (synthroid) | hypothyroidism (DOC) |
| sodium liothyronine (cytomel) | hypothyroidism |
| liotrix (euthroid) | hypothroidism |
| radioactive sodium iodide | treatment for throtoxicosis, alternative to surgery in hypothyroidism |
| radioactive iodide | hyperthyrodism, diagnostic use |
| stable inorganic iodide | prevent endemic goiter and hypothyroidism |
| iodine (poassium iodide solution USP, strong iodine solution [lugols solution]) | treat hyperthyroidism, decrease vascularity, size, fragility of the hyperthyroid gland in preparation for surgical removal – preoperative use, Reduce thyroidal uptake of radioactive iodine in cases of accidental exposure |
| propylthiouracil | treat hyperthyroidism- inhibit peroxidases in thyroid gland |
| methimazole | treat hyperthyroidism- inhibit peroxidases in thyroid gland |
| tolbutamide (orinase) | 1st generation sulfonyureas, treatment of type 2 DM, inhibit ATP-sensitive K+ channel and stimulate insulin secretion |
| chlorpropamide (diabinese) | 1st generation sulfonyureas, treatment of type 2 DM, inhibit ATP-sensitive K+ channel and stimulate insulin secretion |
| tolazamide (tolinase) | 1st generation sulfonyureas, treatment of type 2 DM, inhibit ATP-sensitive K+ channel and stimulate insulin secretion |
| glipizide (glucotrol) | 2nd generation sulfonyureas, treatment of type 2 DM, inhibit ATP-sensitive K+ channel and stimulate insulin secretion |
| glyburide (micronase) | 2nd generation sulfonyureas, treatment of type 2 DM, inhibit ATP-sensitive K+ channel and stimulate insulin secretion |
| glymepiride (amaryl) | 2nd generation sulfonyureas, treatment of type 2 DM, inhibit ATP-sensitive K+ channel and stimulate insulin secretion |
| repaglinide (pradin) | meglitinide, closes K+ channel and induces beta-cell depolarization and insulin release (similar to SU) |
| nateglinide (starlix) | meglitinide, closes K+ channel and induces beta-cell depolarization and insulin release (similar to SU) |
| pioglitazone (actos) | thiazolidinediones, require insulin, reduces insulin resistance |
| troglitazone | thiazolidinediones, require insulin, reduces insulin resistance |
| rosiglitazone (avandia) | thiazolidinediones, require insulin, reduces insulin resistance |
| metformin (glucophage) | biguanides, first line therapy for T2DM |
| acarbose | alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, delay and reduce uptake of carbohydrates across the intestine and reduce postprandial rise in blood glucose |
| miglitol | alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, delay and reduce uptake of carbohydrates across the intestine and reduce postprandial rise in blood glucose |
| sitagliptin (januvia and galvus) | dipeptidyl peptidase iv inhibtops, treat T2DM |
| exenatide (byetta) | incretin mimetics, stimulates insulin secretion, treat T2DM |
| lispro | rapid insulin |
| aspart | rapid insulin |
| insulin glulisine | rapid insulin |
| regular insulin | rapid insulin |
| NPH | intermediate insulin |
| aspart protamine | intermediate insulin |
| glargine | slow insulin |
| insulin detemir | slow insulin |
| pramlintide acetate (symlin) | given at meal times with insulin |
| streptozotocin | selectively destroys islet beta cells by alklating the bases in DNA, used to treat insulin secreting tumors |
| Diazoxide | opens ATP dependent K+ channels, hyperglycemic agent |
| alloxan | not used therapeutically, inhibits glucose interaction with beta cell glucokinase |
Created by:
Kachmiel
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