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Unit3 Prop of Matter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What has 0-6.9 on a pH scale? | Acids |
| 1. All matter is made of atoms and molecules that are always in motion | Kinetic Theory (part 1) |
| 2. The higher the temperature, the faster the particles move. | Kinetic Theory (part 2) |
| 3. At the same temperature, lighter molecules will more faster than heavier molecules | Kinetic Theory (part 3) |
| What is 7-7.9 on a pH scale?hyd | Neutral |
| What is 8-14 on a pH scale? | Bases |
| A characteristic of a substance that we use the five senses to observe or can be measured. | physical property |
| A chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy (bonds are reforming) | endothermic reaction |
| a chemical reaction that releases heat energy. (bonds are breaking) | exothermic reaction |
| a gradual wearing away due to a chemical reaction | corrosion |
| a mixture made of solute(s) and a solvent | solution |
| a substance that cannot be broekn down into different substances. | element |
| a substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) to form additional hydronium ions when dissolved in water. There is more hydronium ions than hydroxide. H3O+ | acid |
| a substance that either contains hydroxide ions or reacts with water to form additional hydroxide ions. There are more hydroxide ions than hydronium. OH- | base |
| bitter taste, can burn skin, contains more OH- than H3O+, feels slippery/soapy | properties of bases |
| Chemically changing a substance, so that it is a new substance with all new properties. | chemical change |
| Which phase changes lose or release energy? | condensation and freezing |
| has definite shape, definite volume, atoms are tightly packed, rigid (not flexible) strong bonds | properties of a solid |
| easily lose electrons, have positive charges, corrode easily, most are non-flammable | chemical properties of metals |
| gains electrons and has a negative charge. Some of these are flammable | chemical properties of non-metals |
| Why is the plateau from a liquid to a gas longer than the plateau from a solid to a liquid? | It takes a lot more energy to break/reform bonds from a liquid to a gas than it does to weaken or strengthen them from a solid to a liquid |
| How much matter is inside of an object | mass |
| When a substance is dissolved in water | aqueous (aq) |
| Means to strengthen with the absence of water | concentrated |
| Means to weaken with the addition of water | diluted |
| Metals tend to have: luster, ductile, malleable, high density, high melting point, good conductors of electricity | Physical properties of Metals |
| molecules are rigid and only have enough energy to vibrate in place | solid |
| molecules can move freely, but do not have enough energy to escape the bonds between them | liquid |
| molecules move rapidly with so much energy that they escape the bonds between them | gas |
| molecules which have been moving freely but not able to escape the bonds, lose energy and vibrate in place. | freezing (molecular) |
| molecules which have been rigid gain energy to move freely and escape bonds | sublimation (molecular) |
| molecules will move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, until equilibrium is reached. | kinetic theory (diffusion) |
| NO definite share (only contained in air tight containers) NO definite volume (gas can be compressed) Atoms are NOT packed together, Fluid (able to flow), NO bonds | properties of a gas |
| No definite shape (take shape of container) Definite volume, Atoms are less tightly packed, Fluid (able to flow), medium strength bonds | properties of a liquid |
| Non-Metals tend to have: No Luster,NOT ductile, NOT malleable, low density, low melting point, and be poor conductors | physical properties of non-metals |
| physically changing the appearance of a substance without changing it's chemical composition (what it's made of) | physical change |
| properties that do depend on the amount of matter in an object | extrinsic property |
| properties that do NOT depend on the amount of matter in an object | intrinsic property |
| Rapidly moving molecules gain energy BELOW the boiling point which allows them to escape their bonds | evaporation (molecular) |
| rapidly moving molecules gain energy which allows them to escape the bonds between them AT the boiling point | vaporization (molecular) |
| Rapidly moving molecules lose energy and can no longer resist the bonds but are still able to move freely | condensation (molecular) |
| sour taste, can burn skin, contains more H3O+ than OH- | properties of acids |
| the ability to disolve a substance in water | solubility |
| the amount of matter in a given amount of space/volume | density |
| the process of turning a gas to a liquid. (losing energy) | condensation |
| the process of turning a liquid to a gas AT the boiling point. Happens throughout the substance. (gaining energy) | vaporization |
| the process of turning a liquid to a gas BEFORE the boiling point. Happens on the surface. (gaining energy) | evaporation |
| the process of turning a liquid to a solid (losing energy) | freezing |
| the process of turning a solid to a gas (gaining energy) | sublimation |
| the process of turning a solid to a liquid (gaining energy) | melting |
| the substance being dissolved | solute |
| the substance that the solute is being dissolved in | solvent |
| the way a substance reacts with another substance to form something new with different properties | chemical property |
| to add an acid to a basic solution or a base ot an acidic solution until it is chemically neutral or safe (pH=7) | neutralize |
| two or more different substances that are chemically bonded together in a chemical reaction | compound |
| two or more pure substances that are mixed together, but they are NOT bonded together (they share the same container) They can be seperated back into the original or pure substances. | mixture |
| vaporization, evaporation, melting, sublimation | Gain or absorb energy |
| how much space an object takes up | volume |
| how much gravity is pulling on an object | weight |
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PhysicalScienceDTHS
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