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Local Anesthetics
Pharmacokinetics Exam 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is another name for a target cell? | Nerve Cell |
| Local anesthetics block what channel? | Sodium aka Sodium Channel Blockers |
| True/False - Local anesthetics provide a TEMPORARY block in nerve transmission | True |
| How do nerve cells communicate? | Via ionic messages |
| What is the excitability of cells based on? | The structure of the cell membrane and its components |
| Nerve cells are refered to as what? | Excitable cells |
| What is the function of a nerve cell? | Transmission of signals from one place in the body to another |
| What are nerve cells as well as all other cells in the body composed of? | 1. Cell body 2. Nucleus 3. Microcellular organelles |
| What do organelles contain? | RNA, DNA, mitochondria, golgi bodies...basicaly everything inside the cell |
| What happens to the sodum channels when a local anesthetic is given? | The local anesthetic lugs up the sodium channel traping potassium inside and leaving sodium outside |
| The communication function of the nerve cell is served by an elongation of the nerve cell body and this is termed? | Axon |
| What are the outfoldings of the cell body and located in close proximity to the nucleus? | Dendrites (fingerlike projections) |
| What is the term for intracellular fluid? | Axoplasm |
| What is the purpose of axoplasm? | Serves a transport function for the active movement of energy and waste material |
| What facilitates transport within the axoplasm? | Microtubules |
| True/False - microtubules allow the movement of metabolic substances rapidly between the cell body and the end of the axons | True |
| What is the dendritic zone? | The receptive part of the neuron or nerve cell that is close to the cell body |
| True/False - The dendritic zone is much larger than the cell body | True |
| What is composed of many outfoldings of the nerve cell membrane in the area of the cell body? | The Dendritic Zone |
| What are dendrites actively involved with? | The synaptic process with other neurons and are sites for initiation of excitability |
| What requires an intact nerve cell membrane that is energy dependent? | Neural transmission |
| Where is information received from in the nerve cell? | Sensory and motor neurons |
| The information is propogated from the _______ and is modified by the structure of the _______. | Original signal, dendritic anatomy |
| True/False - Both the ECF around the nerve and the ICF of the axoplasm are fat based and non ionized | False - Both the ECF around the nerve and the ICF of the axoplasm are WATER BASED and highly IONIC |
| Highly ionic means? | Highly electrically charged |
| The nerve cell membrane is a ________ embedded with _______ and is very _______. | Lipid bilayer, lipoproteins, hydrophobic |
| What functions as a barrier to ionic movement? | Nerve Cell Membrane |
| Ionic movement only occurs at gaps formed by lipoproteins called _________. | Ion Channels |
| True/False - Nerve fibers are all morphologically the same | False - Not all nerve fibers are morphologically the same |
| What are the 2 protective cells that cover the axon? | Schwann Cells and oligodendrocytes |
| Where are Schwann Cells located? | Peripheral Nervous System |
| Where are Oligodendrocytes located? | Central Nervous System |
| What do Schwann cells produce? | Schwann cells produce myelin and the myelin insulates nerve cells |
| What is the weakest point of the axon termed? | Nodes of Ranvier |
| When a local anesthetic is given. where does it tend to migrate to and why? | Nodes of Ranvier because it is the weakest point of the axon and easiest to penetrate |
| What 3 jobs do schwann cells have? | 1. Enzyme Synthesis 2. Metabolic needs of the axon 3. Synthesis of myelin |
| Schwann cells create the myelin sheath by wrapping spirally around the ______, between __ and ___ revolutions. | Axon, 50, 200 |
| What 2 functions does the myelin sheath serve? | 1. Insulating 2. Protective |
| Define Nodes of Ranvier | Are defined as gaps between adjacent Schwann cells on the axon occur at regular interval of abut 1mm |
| True/False - The density of sodium channels within the Nodes of Ranvier are low | False - The density within the sodium channels is high |
| To activate sodium channels at the next adjacent gap, what must happen? | The sodium currents in the areas of the Nodes of Ranvier must be sufficient in order to activate the sodium channels at the next adjacent gap |
| Define Saltatory Conduction | Communication between the Nodes of Ranvier involving the sodium currents |
| The terminal end of the axon is called? | Synaptic Terminal |
| What occurs at the synaptic terminal? | The efferent (exit) neural conduction can be transmitted to other excitable tissues, such as other nerves and motor endplates. |
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Lmc145
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