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SELMAN, CHAPTER 4
The Structure of Matter
| VOCAB | DEFINITIONS |
|---|---|
| MATTER | anything which occupies space and has inertia |
| ATOM | the smallest particle of an element that has the characteristic properties of the element |
| MOLECULES | the smallest subdivision of a substance having the characteristic properties of that substance |
| SUBSTANCE | any material that has a definite, constant composition |
| COMPOUNDS | are formed by the chemical union of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| NIELS BOHR | proposed the most widely help theory of atomic structure |
| NUCLEUS | contains most of the mass consisting of nucleons (protons and neutrons) |
| PROTONS | elementary positive particles |
| NEUTRONS | elementary neutral particles |
| ELECTRONS | carry a single negative charge |
| VALENCE SHELLS | K thru Q |
| ATOMIC NUMBER | the # of protons or positive charges in the nucleus of an atom |
| MASS NUMBER | the total # of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| ISOTOPES | atoms that have the same # of protons but different # of neutrons |
| PERIOD TABLE | table where elements are arranged from the lightest to the heaviest, or from the lowest atomic # to the highest |
| VALENCE | determines the combining ability of the atom by the # of electrons in the outermost shell in the atom |
| IONIC BOND | when 2 atoms are attracted to each other |
| COVALENT BOND | the sharing of outer orbital electrons |
| IONIZATION | the addition or removal of orbital electrons |
| ATOMIC # | denoted by symbol Z |
| MASS # | denoted by the letter A |
| NUCLIDE | any particular kind of atom, having a specific number of protons and neutrons |