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SELMAN, CHAPTER 4
The Structure of Matter
VOCAB | DEFINITIONS |
---|---|
MATTER | anything which occupies space and has inertia |
ATOM | the smallest particle of an element that has the characteristic properties of the element |
MOLECULES | the smallest subdivision of a substance having the characteristic properties of that substance |
SUBSTANCE | any material that has a definite, constant composition |
COMPOUNDS | are formed by the chemical union of two or more elements in definite proportions |
NIELS BOHR | proposed the most widely help theory of atomic structure |
NUCLEUS | contains most of the mass consisting of nucleons (protons and neutrons) |
PROTONS | elementary positive particles |
NEUTRONS | elementary neutral particles |
ELECTRONS | carry a single negative charge |
VALENCE SHELLS | K thru Q |
ATOMIC NUMBER | the # of protons or positive charges in the nucleus of an atom |
MASS NUMBER | the total # of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
ISOTOPES | atoms that have the same # of protons but different # of neutrons |
PERIOD TABLE | table where elements are arranged from the lightest to the heaviest, or from the lowest atomic # to the highest |
VALENCE | determines the combining ability of the atom by the # of electrons in the outermost shell in the atom |
IONIC BOND | when 2 atoms are attracted to each other |
COVALENT BOND | the sharing of outer orbital electrons |
IONIZATION | the addition or removal of orbital electrons |
ATOMIC # | denoted by symbol Z |
MASS # | denoted by the letter A |
NUCLIDE | any particular kind of atom, having a specific number of protons and neutrons |