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Physical Sci Ch. 12

Ch. 12 Study Guide - Forces & Motion

QuestionAnswer
Force is measured in what units? Newtons
What is the equation for Force? F = M x A
What is Rolling Friction? a friction force that acts on rolling objects, caused by the change in shape at the point of rolling contact. (p. 360)
What is Fluid Friction? a friction force that opposes the motion of an object through a fluid. (p. 360)
What is Static Friction? a friction force that acts on objects that are not moving. (p. 359)
What is Sliding Friction? a friction force that opposes the motion of an object as it slides over a surface. (p. 359)
What is terminal velocity the constant velocity of a falling object when the force of air resistance equals the force of gravity. (p. 361)
What is the projectile motion? the curved path of an object in free fall after it is given an initial forward velocity. (p. 362)
How is gravity involved in projectile motion? air resistance slows down the object; gravity pulls it down. (p. 362)
What is Newton's First Law of Motion? the state of motion of an object does not change as long as the net force acting on the object is zero. (p. 364)
What is Inertia? Do all objects have Inertia? the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion. Yes, all objects have inertia. (p. 364)
What is Newton's Second Law of Motion? the acceleration of an object is equal to the net force acting on it divided by the object's mass. (p. 365)
What are the ways we write the acceleration equation? Acceleration = Net Force/Mass Acceleration = F/M (p. 367)
How is weight different from mass? Weight-is the force of gravity on an object. Mass-is the measure of inertia on an object. (p. 368)
During a crash test, as air bag inflates to stop a dummy's forward motion. The dummy's mass is 90 kg. If the net force on the dummy is 1000 N toward the rear of the car, what is the dummy's acceleration? A = 1000 N / 90 kg A = 11.1 M/S(squared) towards the back of the car.
What is Newton's Third Law of Motion? whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object. (p. 373)
Why don't objects cancel forces with Action-Reaction? Only when equal and opposite act on the same object do they result in a net force of zero. (p. 373)
What is Momentum? the product of an object's mass and its velocity. (p. 374)
How does conservation of momentum affect a 'system'? In a closed system, the loss momentum of one object equals the gain in momentum of another object - momentum is conserved. (p. 376)
What is Strong Nuclear Force (STRONG)? a powerful force of attraction that acts only on the neutrons and protons in the nucleus, holding them together. (p. 379)
What is Electromagnetic Force? a force associated with charged particles, which has two aspects, electric force and magnetic force. (p. 378)
What is Weak Nuclear Force? a powerful attractive force that acts over a short range. (p. 380)
What is Gravitational Force (WEAK)? an attractive force force that acts between any two objects. (p. 380)
How are electric and magnetic forces similar? they can attract and repel
Gravitational force from the Earth affects the moon and the moon affects the Earth. Describe the effects of this interaction. Earth's gravitational attraction keeps the moon in an elliptical orbit around Earth. The gravitational pull of the moon is the primary cause of the Earth's ocean tides. (p. 381)
What is centripetal force? a force that continuously changes the direction of an object to make it move in a circle.
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