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Psychology-Test-2
Second Psychology Test Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sensaton | The process of receiving stimulus energies from the environment |
| Transduction | The process of transforming physical energy into electrochemical energy |
| Absolute Threshold | The minimum amount of stimulus energy that a person can detect |
| Sensory Adaptation | A change in the responsiveness of the sensory system based on the average level of surrounding stimulation |
| Rods | The receptors in the retina that are sensitive to light but are not very useful for color vision |
| Cones | The receptors in the retina that process information about color |
| Blind Spot | A small area where the optic nerve leads to the brain, the normal blind spot in your eye |
| Vestibular Sense | A sensory system located in structures of the inner ear that registers the orientation of the head |
| Perceptual Constancy | Recognition that objects are constant and unchanging even though sensory input about them in changing |
| The process of reeiving information from the outside world is ________ | Sensation |
| The point at which you can detect the presence of a stimulus is the ______________ | Absolute Threshold |
| The volume of the TV needs to be 6 in order for you to hear it. a volume of 6 is the___________ | Absolute Threshold |
| You work at a hog lot and no longer notice the sell. This is called ____________ | Sensory Adaptation |
| The vision receptor cells that detect color are the ____________ | Cones |
| Even from a distance of 5 miles, we know that a semi truck is big because of the principle of __________ | Perceptual Constancy |
| REM Sleep | Rapid Eye Movement sleep, where dreaming occurs |
| Sleep Apnea | Abnormally low breathing and/or stopping breathing while sleeping |
| Insomnia | Inability to fall asleep and/or stay asleep |
| Dreams | When we sleep and dream, our level of awareness is lower than when w daydream, but sleep and dreams are regarded as low levels of consciousness |
| Stimulants | Stimulants are psychoactive drugs which induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical function or both. |
| Stage 1 Sleep | Light sleep lasting up to 10 minutes, includes theta waves |
| Stage 2 Sleep | Deeper sleep characterized by occasional sleep spindles |
| Stage 3 Sleep | Progressively more muscle relaxation and emergence of delta waves and lasts up to 40 minutes |
| Stage 4 Sleep | Deep sleep when sleeper is difficult to rouse |
| Depressants | Psychoactive drugs that slow down mental and physical activity |
| Inhalants | A solvent or other material producing vapor inhaled by drug abusers. |
| Hallucinogens | Psychoactive drugs that modify a person's perceptual experiences and produce visual images that are not real |
| Dependence | The state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else. |
| Tolerance | The need to take increasing amounts of a drug to produce the same effect |
| Withdrawal | Discontinuation of the use of an addictive substance. |
| Dreaming occurs during ________ | REM Sleep |
| Dreaming most often involves the sense of ___________ | Sight |
| Drug tolerance and withdrawal are signs of ______ | Dependence |
| LSD is an example of a/an ________ | Hallucinogen |
| Insomnia and narcolepsy are two types of ________ | Sleep disorders |
| A sleep disorder that often includes loudsnorng and breathing problems is ____________ | Sleep Apnea |
| Drugs that increase alertness and energy level are reffered to as _________ | Stimulants |
| Associative Learning | Learning in which a conncion, or an association, is made between two events |
| Classical Conditioning | Learning by which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response |
| Unconditioned Stimulus | A stimulus that produces a response without prior learning |
| Unconditioned Response | A unlearned response that is automatically elicited by an unconditioned stimulus |
| Conditioned Stimulus | A previously neutral stimulus that eventually elicits the conditioned respone after being associated with the unconditioned stimulus |
| Conditioned Response | The learned response to the conditioned stimulus that occurs after the pairing of a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus |
| Extinction | The weakening of he conditioned response in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus |
| Counterconditioning | A classical conditioning procedure for weakening a conditioned response by associating the fear-provoking stimulus with a new response that is incompatible with the fear |
| Operant Conditioning | A form of associative learning in which the consequences of a behavior change the probability of the behavior's occurrence |
| Positive Reinforcement Punishment | Following a behavior with a rewarding stimulus to increase the frequency of the behavior |
| In Pavlov's studies of classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus was ____________ | Dog started drooling when the bell rang |
| "If you finish your homework, you can watch TV" is an example of __________ | Positive reinforcement punishment |
| We know that a good consequece is___________ if the behavior decreases | Working |
| Money, letter grades and high fives are examples of _______ reinforcers | Positive |
| Encoding | The process by which information gets into memory storage |
| Storage | Retention of information over time and the representation of information in memory |
| Retrieval | Retaining past information from your memory storage |
| Short-term memory | A limited-capacity memory system in which information is retained for only as long as 30 seconds unless strategies are used to retain it longer |
| Long-term memory | A relatively permanent type of memory that stores huge amounts of information for a long time |
| Explicit memory | The conscious recollection of information, such as specific facts or events and, at least in humans, information that can be verbally communicated |
| Semantic memory | A person's knowledge about the world |
| Episodic memory | The retention of information about where, when, and what of life's happenings |
| Implicit memory | Memory in which behavior is affcted by prior experiences without that experience being consciously recollected |
| Procedural memory | Memory for skills |
| Schemas | Preexisting mental concept or framework that helps people to organize and interpret informaton |
| Repressed Memories | a condition of memory loss in which memories have either been dissociated from awareness or repressed by motivated forgetting. These memories are blocked out due to their painful or traumatic nature. |
| "Who wrote Hamlet?" us an example of a test of ______ memory | Explicit Memory |
| Riding a bike is an example of __________ memory | Implicit memory |
| We can keep items in our short term memory for up to __________ seconds | 30 seconds |
| "What I did on my fourth grade field trip" is an example of ___________ memory | Long-term memory |
Created by:
AndreaPost
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