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MUSC101 Exam 3
Music Appreciation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Romantic Era | -Expansion of Industrial Revolution -Valves added to brass instruments -Cast-iron frame and thicker strings in piano -Musical Conservatories -Orchestral expansion |
| Style Traits of Romantic Music | -beautiful and expressive melodies (rhapsodic) -Ingenious harmonies -expanded forms |
| Beethoven | -Germany composer/pianist -from musical family -welcomed by Vienna -treated as equal, not as a servant -modified patronage -concert life and music publishing -hearing loss |
| Symphony No.5 in C Minor | -composer: Beethoven -Minor to Major -Cyclical form - one rhythmic motive dominates the entire work |
| Symphony No.5 Mvt I: Allegro con, brio, sonata-allegro form | "three short and a long," SSSL, dominates everything |
| Symphony No.5 Mvt II: Serene | -double theme with variations -recurrence of cyclic rhythmic idea |
| Symphony No.5 Mvt III: Scherzo-and -trio | -recurrence of cyclic rhythmic idea -third and fourth movement linked |
| Symphony No.5 Mvt IV: Sonata-allegro form | -recurrence of cyclic rhythmic idea -extended coda |
| Romantic Song | -In German: Lied (singular), Lieder (plural) -In French: Chanson(s) -In English: Art Song |
| Stophic | music stays the same, but words change - verse-verse-verse - verse-chorus-verse-chorus |
| though-composed | new material(music) throughout |
| Modified strophic | strophic with "departure" (combines features of two other forms) |
| Genre-Lieder | -created by Franz Schubert, a German language composer -voice and piano -German text -poetic themes of love and nature |
| Franz Schubert | -Viennese composer -musical talent discovered early -socially shy (home and salon concerts) -death at early age(31) |
| Schubert's Music | -classical and romantic traits -600-plus songs -piano work / Lieder |
| Erlkonig-composition | -composer: Schubert -poet: Goethe -one singer / four characters -though-composed -piano establishes and drives atmosphere |
| Robert Schuman | -from Germany -sought to be a pianist -turned to composition and music criticism -married a noted pianist/composer |
| Schuman's Music | -Characteristics: impassioned melody, unique atmosphere(chromatic harmonies), driving rhythms -Lieder with several song cycles -4 symphonies -piano pieces |
| Style traits of romantic music | -beautiful and expressive melodies (rhapsodic) -Ingenious harmonies - Chromaticism -Expanded forms - long/"stretched," molded to personal purpose |
| Sonata | an instrumental work for one or two instruments, usually consisting of three or four contrasting movements |
| "Moonlight" Sonata | -Beethoven: Op.7, No.21 -1st Mvt descending, negative -2nd Mvt ascending, positive -3rd Mvt flat -4th Mvt diminution, sounds like laughter |
| Opus | means work |
| "Moonlight" Sonata Mvt 1 | -delicate, singing melody -etheral mood/right-hand arpeggios -modified strophic form |
| arpeggios | a broken chord |
| "Moonlight" Sonata Mvt 2 | -allegretto tempo (moderately fast) -scherzo-and-trio form -Franz Liszt described the second movement as "a flower between two chasms" |
| "Moonlight" Sonata Mvt 3 | -most important movement last -sonata-allegro form -ferocity is astonishing |
| "Kreutzer" Sonata | -Beethoven-Violin Sonata No.9, Op.47, (ca.46 min. long) -three movements: sonata allegro, theme and variation, rondo |
| Rondo | musical form in which the first section recurs, usually in the tonic key common configurations include: A-B-A-C-A-B-A |
| Beethoven Cello Sonata No.2 | -two movements: adagio sostenudo esspressivo- allegro molto piu tosto presto, and rondo |
| Tempo Rubato (robbed tempo or borrowed time) | a performance practice of the Romantic Era in which a performer seems to slow down to relish a phrase, and then hurry forward-imposing his or her personal expression upon the written note values |
| Clara Schumann | -lived in Germany -pianist(composer) -first public concert at nine -married Robert Schumann over her father's permission -dedicated interpreter of Robert's music -Long-time friend of Johannes Brahms -performed here music early in her career |
| Clara Schumann's Music | -difficult and deeply introspective -lieder -choral pieces -piano trio (first repartee for women) -piano music (including a concerto) |
| Concerto | -musical composition of three movements where a solo instrument is accompanied by an orchestra |
| Character Piece (book calls them short lyric piano pieces) | -convenient term for a large repertory of short, 19th- century compositions, mostly for piano, or for piano and one other instrument -designed to express a define mood, character or programmatic idea -in character of: "Prelude," "Intermezzo," "Impromptu |
| Impromptu | a musical composition that sounds extemporaneous and unrehearsed |
| Etude (French) | a study like piece that focuses on a particular technical challenge |
| Polanaise | a stately polish processional and dance in triple meter |
| Mazurka | a lively polish dance resembling a polka in triple meter |
| Romantic Style | melody -thematic transformation -com-positional technique -"Alternation of the character of a theme by means of subtle changes in dynamics, orchestration, or rhythms, when it returns to a related movement of section" |
| Chopin - composer | -from Poland -Father was French -career in Paris (because of the war in Poland) -The "poet of the piano"- because he had a gentle personality -Paramour of Geoge Sand (Aurora Dudevant)-change her name to get her pieces written -early death at age 39 |
| Chopin's Music | -Smaller forms: nocturnes, preludes, impromptus, waltzes, mazurkas, etudes -Lager: ballades, polonaises, a fantasy, sonatas,piano concertos |
| Mazurka in B-flat minor, Op.24, No.4 | -form: Intro-A-B-A-B-A-C-D-A (quasi-rittornello) -tempo rubato repetition and thematic composition -vocally inspired melodies |
| Staccato | dittached artticulation |
| Lagatto | smoothly connected |
| genre- program music | instrumental music with a literary or pictorial association |
| absolute music | is opposite of program music & does not paint a picture. |
| delacroix | from Paris; painter. Paris= major music center |
| Romanticism- general characteristic & theme | emotional subjectivity, nature, nationalism, fantasy |
| what is nationalism? | show of love of homeland through folk songs in classical music |
| What are examples of "fantasy' from Romanticism period? | Shelley's "Frankenstein" wrote when he was 18; Symphonic fantastique; Chivalry/the romance of the middle ages |
| What are the types (genres) forms that are considered general? | miniature compositions and monumental compositions |
| Describe the elements of a miniature composiition | designed for intimate surrounding; intense mood; few resources (1 singer & 1 piano; art song/lieder/chansons; character pieces 1 pianio |
| Describe the elements of a monumental composiition | designed for large halls; huge #'s of performers; several hours in duration; Requiem, Berlioz |
| What are the 4 main types of program music of the Romantic Era? | 1.Concert overture 2.Incidental music 3.Program symphony 4.Symphonic poem |
| What is a concert overture? | an independent one movement work to open a concert; Romantic Era; genre- program music |
| What is incidental music? | Romantic Era; genre- program music- all music needed to present a dramatic presentation. |
| what is program symphony music? | Romantic Era; genre- program music- musical work in several movements that together tell a story. |
| what is symphonic poem? | Romantic Era; genre- program music- also called a TONE POEM; large single movement that is several segments tell a story; By Franz List |
| A Compose- Berlioz | French, composer, journalist & conductor; Paris & young France; Beethoven & Shakespeare; Prix de Rome; Harriet Smithoson |
| What is Prix de Rome? | Rome prize of all payed for two years to write music in Rome |
| Describe Berlioz's music | Dramatic, vivid & powerful; huge forces; instrumental music: program symphonies, concert overtures; vocal music: operas, sacred worked; "the creator of the modern orchestra"- classic text on orchestration |
| Notes on a composition- Symphonic fantastique | Composer: Berlioz; Genre: program symphony;5 movements; sic-let composition; Idee fixe (Harriet)desire/opium induced nightmare. |
| Movement IV (Symphonic fantastique) | composer: Berlioz; "March to the Scaffold"; Last view of "Infernal Passion/Beloved"; brief solo clarinet idee fixe;Pizzicato notes |
| What are Pizzicato notes? | plucking the notes with your finger instead of the bow; used in Movement IV (Symphonic fantastique) |
| Movement V (Symphonic fantastique) | song d'une nuit: use of Gregorian dies irea (day of death); expanded orchestration: church bells & ophicleide; unusual effects: con lego |
| what does con lego mean? | "with the wood"; used in Movement V (Symphonic fantastique); playing with the wood of the bow |
| What style (genre) of music reflects pride for the homeland expressed in music that projects the spirit of the people and a place? | Musial Nationalism |
| What are the programs based on in musical nationalism genre? | national hero, historic event, scene of beauty, land, etc. |
| What composer is associated with Musial Nationalism? | Franz Liszt |
| What is Franz List known for? | Hungarian Nationalism; Father of modern piano technique; |
| Who was Franz List's friend and what did he do? | Berlioz; arranged symphony for the piano |
| Who was the "most dazzling of the heroic virtuosos?" | Franz Liszt |
| Why was Fran List regarded as the "most dazzling of the heroic virtuosos?" | fabulous digiital dexterity; passionate performace; great showman; undeniable sexulaity |
| Who composed the Hungarian Rhapsody, No. 5 in E minor? | Franz Liszt |
| Hungarian Rhapsody, No. 5 in E minor was considered a Laboratory experience, why? | theme in cello, then violin, then solo cello; gypsy violins; somber music; conductor was sitting because he was dying of cancer; all men except for 1 woman harp player. |
| Who was Bedrich Smetana? | Bohemia composer; revolution against Austria; Naitionalist operas e.g. The Bantered Bride |
| Who was the Bohemian composer who made a cycle of 6 poems, Ma Vast, "Motherland" and his syphilis made him deaf? | Bedrich Smetana |
| Notes on composition "Vitava" | composer: Bedrich Smetana; second of the symphonic poems from Ma Vast; River Ultava ("Maldau" in German) |
| What does the music in River Ultava suggest? | fantasy scenes along the shore of the river |
| What are the themes in River Ultava ? | Two rivulets theme- The river theme; Fox Hunt (french horns); Dance @ peasant wedding; water nymphs in the moonlight; the river theme; St. John rapids; The river theme in major; the great castes & cathedrals in Prague |
| Part Song | -for small or "smallish" ensembles -primarily honophonic -"Incidental polyphony" -performed frequently, with one voice per part |
| Liebeslieder Waltzer | -composer: Brahms -"love song waltzes" -SATB and piano (four hand) 38 waltzes in two sets |
| Choral Society | -chorus as an artistic outlet for middle classes -social endeavor -small and large -increasing popular in late 1900's |
| Verdi | -from Italy -operas, church music |
| Manzoni Requiem (Verdi) | -to big for liturgical presentation -movement Libera me: Dies irae ("Day of ire/Judgement"), requiem aeternam ("Eternal rest") |
| Mahler | -from Bohemia / worked in Vienna -closed his career in NY City -symphonies and songs -composed "Resurrection Symphony": soloist, four-part chorus, and orchestra, climax on top of climax on top of climax |
| Lyric Opera | romantic opera from France by Bizet |
| Grand Opera | -romantic opera from France by Gounod -focusing on serious, historical plots with huge choruses, crowd scenes, elaborate dance episodes, ornate costumes, and spectacular scenery |
| Music Drama | romantic opera from Germany by Wagner |
| Opera seria | romantic opera from Italy by Verdi |
| Verismo | romantic opera from Italy by Puccini |
| Bel canto | -romantic opera from Italy -composers: Rossini, Donizetti, Bellini -"Beautiful Singing" -long melodic phrases -extreme vocal colortoura / melisma / fioratuna (other name for coloroura) |
| Number Opera | -Italian Opera -series of movements (or "musical numbers") -big arias for sopranos of tenor -love duet -big chorus |
| Barber of Seville | -composer: Gioacchino Rossini |
| Puccini | -Italy -great operatic successes |
| Madama Butterfly | -composer: Puccini -verismo and exoticism -based on play and short story -disastrous premiere, then revised -Cio-Cio-San is central tragi-heroic character |
| Ballet | -a theatrical performance by a dancing group, usually with costumes and scenery, to the accompaniment of music, but customarily without singing or speech -style characteristics: tells a story (program music), multi-movement, thematic transformation |
| Tchaikovsky | -Russian composer -not a Russian nationalist -disastrous marriage because of his homosexuality -never met, Nadezhada von Meck by her stipulation -died suddenly at age 53 |
| Sleeping Beauty | -composer: Tchaikovsky -about Princess Auora |
| Thematic Transformation | theme repeats multiple times |
| Aria | highest manifestation of a song, exert from a larger work |
| Wagner (Vahgner) | -From Germany -"Grand opera"-nationalistic operas -wrote own libretti -wrote music drama |
| Gesamtkunstwerk - perfect mingling of... | music, poetry & prose, acting & dancing, plastic art and architecture |
| Leidmotif (definition) | 1: a melodic phrase or figure (motive/theme) that evokes...an idea, person, or situation 2: a dominant recurring theme |
| Der Ring de Nibelungen | -means: The Ring of Nibelungen -I: Das Rheingold -II: Die Walkure (the valkyries) -III: Siegfried (true hero) -IV: Gotterdammerung (the twilight of the God) -characters: Wotan, Loge, Brunnhilde, Siegfried |
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