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AP PSYCH
CH13 notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abnormal Psychology | maladaptive life functioning, serious personal discomfort, or both |
| supernatural view: | mysterious actions attributed to supernatural powers, and madness was a sign that spirits “possessed” a person. |
| Hippocrates | 400bc, BIOLOCIAL that mental illness was a result of natural causes/physical ailments. Imbalance of yellow/black bile. Cured w/abstinence and quiet. It didn’t work |
| Middle Ages | psych disorders (PD’s) were work of demons, emotionally disturbed were thought as the workings of a witch/devil. |
| Exorcsims | freeing of evil spirits, from mild –severe. Many people endured brutal tortures as a result. didn’t work either |
| Asylums | public and private created to put the crazies in. Considered a major advancement, had good intentions ended up being prisons. Inmates were chained, deprived of food, light, or air to “cure em”(hideaway from society) |
| Phillipe Pinel | 1793, director of Bicetre Hospital in Paris. He released the chains, and allowed patients to live in more sanitary conditions. The reforms were followed in England and US he changed it from asylum to hospital, Patients got better when w/ interaction |
| Lithium | & electro conclusive therapy worked. |
| Dorthea Dix | American reformer,from Boston led a nationwide campaign for humane treatment for mentals. Asylums were slowly turned into hospitals built.failed though, hospitals poor treatment that she campaigned for. ..not your fault, fam can visit patient |
| So Deinstitutionalization occured.. | The movement of mental patients out of large hospitals became a major goals of mental health care in late 20th century. |
| Theories of Disorders: bio models, psychoanalytic model, cog behavior model, diathesis-stress model,systems approach | |
| Biological Models: | view that PD’s have a biochemical or physical basis, that there are physiological malfunctions in nervous system or endocrine glands. Hereditary plays a big role too. |
| Psychoanalytic models: | Pd’s result of unconscious conflicts, that can be traced into early years. Dev. By Freud during 19-20th century. To solve problems, people need to know that source of the problems are in infancy/childhood. |
| cognitive Behavior model | View that PD’s result from learning maladaptive ways of thinking & behaving. It stresses internal/external learning processes in the dev. & treatment of PD’s. Irrational thinking learn from other people |
| Diathesis-Stress Model: | Not the cause, biological predisposed(BP)+ stress is the cause. People BP to a mental disorder(MD) will tend to exhibit that disorder when affected by stress. Diathesis refers to biological predisposition. |
| Systems Approach: | bio, psychological, social factors(BPS) combine to produce PD’s. AKA Biopsychosocial model. Emotional problems are “lifestyle diseases” caused by B,P, and S. BP+pressure from society+stress=systems approach |
| Classifiying Personality Disorders: | |
| Diagnostic & statistical Manual(DSM5) | It’s a complete list of defined disorders behavioral patterns for reliable diagnosis. been revised 5x, used a lot, not the only approach has a lot of criticism. only diagnose not prescribe supposed to increase reliability. Doesn’t cause treat disorders. |
| DSM5 | •Organizes each psychiatric diagnosis into five levels(axis) relating to different aspects of disorders/disability. |
| DSM5, Axis 2 and Axis 2 | clinical disorders(depression, bipolar, ADHD)=schizophrenia.Mental Retardation, personality disorders/intellectual disability |
| DSM 5 Axis 3 & 4 | show signs of MD’s but its caused by something else such as brain injuries. helps diagnose, psychosocial & environnemental factors,..stress triggers. |
| DSM 5, Axis 5 | functioning/adaptation in society & there’s a test that determines to see how well someone adapts. Called the Children’s Global Assessment Scale(under 18) or Global Assessment of Functioning(adults)=how well adapt. |
| Mental Disorders(MD's) | Most common are anxiety, phobias, & mood disorders. |
| Prevalance, Incidence, & Insanity | frequency of occurrence at a given time,# of cases in a given period,Legal term for mentally disturbed people who are not considered responsible for their criminal actions. |
| Mood Disorders:, mood disorder def. | Disturbance in mood/prolonged emotional state. Range of emotions are restricted. All signs of disorders usually show by age 25. Persistence and severity occur. |
| Depression | sadness, lack of interest, feelings of worthlessness ,It’s the most common mood disorder. They’re tired and apathetic, can’t enjoy anything. Loose interest in food and sex. In severe depression, suicidal thoughts/attempts occur. |
| Major Depressive Disorder: | =severe, usually brought on by a life event, loss in major drives, suicide, discontinued activities (life event) |
| Dysthymia: | less severe, symptoms persist for at least 2 years, caused by a chemical imbalance(natural), low serotonin levels |
| psychotic: | loss contact with reality |
| Mania: | mood characterized by euphoric states, extreme physical activity, excessive talkativeness, distractedness, & grandiosity. |
| Bipolar Disorder: | alternate periods of depression(extreme low) and mania( lack of impulse control) extreme high. They’re full swing. |
| causes of mood disorders:bio and psychological factors, social factors, and cognitive distortions | |
| Biological factors: | both genetics & neurotransmitters play a role. |
| psychological factors | cognitive distortions play a role. |
| social factors | interpersonal difficulties play a role. |
| cognitive distortions | illogical/maladaptive response to early negative life events that leads to feelings of incompetence/unworthiness that are reactivated whenever a new situation arises that resembles the original events. |
| Anxiety Disorders | |
| Specific Phobias: | intense fears associated w/specific circumstances, object |
| social phobias: | excessive fears associated w/social situations, Ex: sally says social situations scare her |
| Panic Disorder: | intense fear w/o reasonable cause. ex: panicky pam has intense fear w/o cause |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder: | prolonged vague fear, less intense, w/no identifiable cause , “on edge”. eric is always on edge,he has fear with no identifiable cause |
| Agoraphobia: | fear of leaving your security source, person sees the environment as difficult to escape/get help, or going through tunnels/over bridges, or even being alone. “Fear of marketplace” in Greek. ex: al gore has fear of marketplace |
| PTSD | Ch12, severe anxiety disorder after long exposure to a psychologically traumatic event. Ex: traumatized tammy has a severe anxiety disorder from the traumatic event |
| OCD | Driven to disturbing thoughts/rituals. •Obsession: involuntary thoughts that recur despite attempts to stop em. • Compulsion: repetitive, ritualistic behavior(compelling) Ex:Rick's rituals compel him to repeat it |
| Psychosomatic Disorders | Mind & body. disorders in which there is real physical illness that is caused by psychological factors such as stress and anxiety. Usually in middle aged woman. Ex: tension headaches, ulcers( hole in lining of stomach). |
| Munchausen Syndrome: | harm to self, can’t control occurs by a psychological problem, usually physical harm like drinking rat poison...Self harm |
| Munchausen by proxy: | harm to dependent, mothers poison their child w/rat poison secretly. Then they pretend to not know what caused the child’s pain when a dr. asks. Ex: halle harms hilda |
| Somatoform Disorders...define: | physical symptoms w/o physical cause...Sumo's symptoms are with out physical cause |
| Conversion Disorder: | dramatic disability w/no physical pain(Freud). Ex: Freud’s patient witnessed an accident and she was walking and fainted. She became paralyzed waste down temporarily. |
| glove Amnesia: | lack of feeling in the hand from wrist down. No way that damage to the nerves running into the hand could cause a pattern of amnesia. ex: Felicia feels nothing from wrist down |
| hypochondriasis: | interpreting unimportant symptoms as a serious illness. Such as a cough=tuberculosis. Crazy exaggeration. |
| Body Dysmorphic Disorder: | Preoccupation w/imagined ugliness. You see things that aren’t there. |
| Dissociative Amnesia: | loss of memory w/organic cause. (Repression by Freud). Lucy loses her memory, with organic cause |
| Dissociative Fugue: | Refuge flight/assumption of a new identity. You move out of environment, forget your past life, and you need help. Escape It’s very unusual |
| Dissociative Identity Disorder | Person has several distinct personalities that emerge at different times. Host doesn’t know, person has personalities that can be old or young, different genders it’s stress induced.AKA multipersonality disorder |
| Depersonalization disorder: | person suddenly feels strangely changed/different. They’re not daydreaming,..its a separation of mind. |
| Schizoid Personality Disorder: | Inability or desire to form social relationships |
| Paranoid Personality Disorder: | inappropriately suspicious of others & their motives |
| Dependent personality disorder | inability to make decisions/act independently |
| Avoidant personality disorder | marked social anxiety due to fear of rejection leading to isolation. |
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder: | displaying a grandiose sense of self importance..the one upper…the over inflated need attention person! You crave attention, tend to exploit others, and ask for favors that you don’t intend on returning. |
| Borderline Personality Disorder | instable in self image, mood/relationships, insecure, can’t trust anyone, and very promiscuous. |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | shows little sense of remorse while lying, cheating, & stealing. No guilt, no conscience, …prison, serial killers. Cause pain bc it’s something they can control |
| common psychotic symptoms: | hallucinations, delusions, & language/thought disruptions. A. Hallucinations; sensory experiences w/o external stimuli. B. Delusions: false beliefs w/o basis in fact. |
| Disorganized schizophrenia | bizarre, childlike behavior dominates. Disregard for social norms, paranoia/hallucinations occur. |
| Catatonic Schizophrenia | Disturbed motor behavior dominates. Hallucinations occur, “if I move , the world will blow up”...think atomic bomb blows up if i move |
| Paranoid Schizophrenia: | Extreme suspiciousness & bizarre complex delusions. |
| Undifferentiated Schizophrenia: | clear symptoms that don’t meet criteria for other subtypes. |
| Causes of US: | genetics, abnormal brain pathology(enlarged ventricles)/excessive dopamine. |
| ADHD: | inattentive, impulsive,/ hyperactive. |
| Autistic | lack of social instinct/strange motor behavior (text definition=very limited). Austin has autism |
| Opp. Defiant Disorder: | sudden, unprovoked anger, argue w/adults, refusal to comply w/rules, blame others for misbehavior. |
| Reactive attachment Disorder: | destructive(to self/others), poor eye contact, defiance, false abuse allegations, preoccupied w/gore/fire and nonsensical lying. |
| gender differences in personality disorders | Women tend to have higher rates of disorders then men do. 1.Especially true of mood/anxiety disorders 2.Both biology & socialization seem to contribute. |
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BarackObama13
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