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Psychology of Person
Chapter 10: The Learning Perspective
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Unconditional Stimulus (US) | A stimulus that causes a reflexive (unconditioned) response |
| Unconditional Response (UR) | A reflexive response to an unconditioned stimulus |
| Time out | A punishment in which a child is temporarily removed from an enjoyable activity (I.e. negative punishment) |
| Systematic Desensitization | A therapeutic procedure intended to extinguish fear |
| Shaping | Changing the nature of ongoing behavior by reinforcing a specific aspect of behavior |
| Reinforcer | An event that strengthens the behavior that come before it |
| Radical behaviorism | the position that behavior should be explained solely on the basis of observable events |
| Punisher | An undesired event that weakens the behavior that came before it. |
| Successive Approximation | Shaping by reinforcing closer approximations of the desired behavior |
| Positive Reinforcement | A reinforcement involving addition of a desired stimulus |
| Phobia | An inappropriately intense fear of some specific class of stimuli |
| Partial Reinforcement effect | the fact that a behavior acquired through partial reinforcement is resistant to extinction |
| Partial Reinforcement | A schedule in which the behavior is reinforced less often than every time it occurs |
| Instrumental conditioning | Conditioning in which a behavior becomes more likely because it is followed by a desirable event, or less likely because it is followed by an undesirable event |
| Habit hierarchy | The ordering of a person's potential responses by their likelihood |
| Generalization | Responding in a similar manner to somewhat different stimuli |
| Extinction | In classical conditioning, the reduction of a CR by repeating the CS without the US; in instrumental conditioning, the reduction of a behavioral tendency by removing reinforcement. |
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shellycoolbeans
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