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Abnormal Psych G3
Terms for Barrons chapter 12 and 13 book
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Trephining | |
| Deinstitutionalization | |
| Prevention | |
| Psychotherapy | |
| Psychoanalysis | emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses through techniques such as free association and transference |
| Free Association | |
| Dream Analysis | the therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the clients dreams |
| Manifest Content | |
| Latent Content | |
| Resistance | refers to largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy |
| Transference | occurs when clients unconsciously start relating to their therapists in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives. |
| Insight Therapies | involve verbal interactions intended to enhance clients’ self-knowledge and thus promote health-ful changes in personality |
| Humanistic Therapies | |
| Client or person-centered therapy | an insight therapy that emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy |
| Unconditioned positive regard | |
| Active/Reflex listening | |
| Gestalt theory | |
| Existential therapies | |
| Behaviorist therapies | involve the application of learning principles to direct efforts to change client’s maladaptive behavior |
| Counter-conditioning | |
| Systematic desensitization | a behavior therapy used to reduce phobic client’s anxiety responses through counter-conditioning |
| Anxiety hierarchy | |
| anxiety disorder | a class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension |
| agoraphobia | a fear or going into public places |
| generalized anxiety disorder | - a psychological disorder marked by chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat |
| panic disorder | recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly |
| obsessive compulsive disorder | uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless rituals |
| post- traumatic stress disorde | involves enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event |
| somatoform disorder | are physical ailments that cannot be fully explained by organic conditions and are largely due to psychological factors |
| hypochondriasis | a somatoform disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illnesses |
| conversation disorder | a somatoform disorder characterized by significant loss of physical function, usually in a single organ system |
| dissociative disorder | a class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity |
| dissociative identity disorder- (DID) | a type of dissociative disorder characterized by the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities. also called multiple personality disorder |
| mood or affective disorder | a class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances of varied kinds that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, social, and thought processes |
| DMS | is the standard classification of mental Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States |
| multiaxial approach | A mental disorder classification schema used with the DSM-IV, provides comprehensive evaluation of the whole person;used for treatment planning and prognosis b/c it shows complexities of the biological,psychological,and social aspects of a one's condition |
| specific phobia | A phobia related to exposure to specific objects or situations |
| social phobia | A psychiatric disorder characterized by anxiety about being in public or social gatherings. Also called social anxiety disorder. |
| psychogenic amnesia fugue | is a pervasive loss of memory of significant personal information. This disorder is characterized by a blocking out of critical personal information |
| Arron Beck | father of cognitive therapy, and pioneering theories used in treatment of clinical depression.developed self-report measures of depression and anxiety including Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Hopelessness Scale, Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation |
| flooding | a form of behavior therapy based on the principles of respondent conditioning that are used to treat phobia and anxiety disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder |
| aversive conditioning | learning in which punishment or other unpleasant stimulation is used to reduce the frequency of an undesirable response. |
| token economy | a system of behavior modification based on the systematic positive reinforcement of target behavior. |
| cognitive therapies | a type of psychotherapy developed by American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck. It seeks to help the patient overcome difficulties by identifying and changing dysfunctional thinking, behavior, and emotional responses. |
| attributional style | a psychological attribute that indicates how people explain to themselves why they experience a particular event, either positive or negative. |
| cognitive behavioral therapy | a psychotherapeutic approach that addresses dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors and cognitive processes and contents through a number of goal-oriented, explicit systematic procedures. |
| rational emotive behavior therapy | a comprehensive, active-directive, philosophically and empirically based psychotherapy which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems and disturbances and enabling people to lead happier and more fulfilling lives. |
| group therapies | a form of psychotherapy in which one or more therapists treat a small group of clients together as a group. |
| somatic therapies | Involves the manipulation of gene expression in cells that will correct genetic defects of the patient but is not inherited by the next generation. Somatic cells include all the non-reproductive cells in the human body. |
| psychopharmacology | the scientific study of the actions of drugs and their effects on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior. |
| antipsychotic drugs | major tranquilizer: tranquilizer used to treat psychotic conditions when a calming effect is desired. |
| antidepressants | drugs for the treatment of depression or for conditions such as anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders, chronic pain, or neuropathic pain. |
| antianxiety drugs | a drug that inhibits anxiety |
| electroconvulsive therapy | psychiatric treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in anesthetized patients for therapeutic effect. |
| psychosurgery | the neurosurgical treatment of mental disorder |
| psychiatrists | A medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness. |
| clinical psychologists | Psychologists in the branch of psychology concerned with the treatment of abnormal mentation and behavior |
| counseling psychologists | psychologists in a psychological specialty that encompasses research and applied work in several broad domains: counseling process and outcome; supervision and training; career development and counseling; and prevention and health. |
| psychoanalysts | system of psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind |
| Joseph Wolpe | one of the most influential figures in behavior therapy and discovered systematic desensitization |
| B.F Skinner | American psychologist and behaviorist who invented the operant conditioning chamber, also known as the Skinner Box. |
| Albert Ellis | American psychologist who in 1955 developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy |
| major depressive disorder | persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure |
| seasonal affective disorder | is a type of depression that occurs at the same time every year. If you're like most people with seasonal affective disorder, your symptoms start in the fall and may continue into the winter months, sapping your energy and making you feel moody. |
| dysthymic disorder | chronic depression that is insufficient in severity to merit diagnosis of a major depressive episode |
| bipolar disorder | experience of both depressed and manic periods |
| cognitive triad | types of negative thought present in depression. pattern of reportable depressive thoughts about yourself, the world, and your future |
| learned helplessness | passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events |
| schizophrenic disorders | disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual, social, and emotional processes |
| delusions of persecution | affected person believes they are being persecuted. others are out to get you and frustrate and embarrass you or inflict suffering on you; a complicated conspiracy is frequently imagined |
| delusions of grandeur | the belief that one has unusual powers that no one else has. you are much greater and more powerful and influential than you really are. |
| hallucinations | sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus, of gross distortions of perceptual input |
| disorganized schizophrenia | severe deterioration of adaptive behavior is seen. emotional indifference, frequent incoherence, and virtually complete social withdrawal |
| paranoid schizophrenia | delusions of persecution, along with delusions of grandeur. Believe they have many enemies who want to harass and oppress them. |
| catatonic schizophrenia | striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity. Prevalence is declining |
| waxy flexibility | a psychomotor symptom of catatonic schizophrenia which leads to a decreased response to stimuli and a tendency to remain in an immobile posture. |
| undifferentiated schizophrenia | idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms. fairly common in people. people who are schizophrenic but cannot be placed in any of the other three categories. |
| dopamine hypothesis | excess dopamine activity is the neurological basis for schizophrenia. Most of the drugs that ares useful in treatment of schizophrenia are known to dampen dopamine activity in the brain |
| tardive dyskinesia | neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and tic like movements of the mouth, tongue, face, hands, and feet. No cure. |
| Martin Seligman | how people explain bad events. Identified pessimistic&optimistic explanatory style.Believed classical conditioning create phobic responses. |
| diathesis stress model | psychological theory that attempts to explain behavior as a predispositional vulnerability together with stress from life experiences. |
| double blind | study where both the participant nor the researcher know what the experminetal group and control group are |
| personality disorders | A class of psychological disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning |
| antisocial personality disorder | A type of personality disorder marked by impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive, and irresponsible behavior that reflects a failure to accept social norms. |
| dependent personality disorder | excessively lacking in self reliance and self esteem; passively allowing others to make all decisions; constantly subordinating own needs to others’ needs |
| paranoid personality disorder | showing pervasive and unwarranted suspiciousness and mistrust of people; overly sensitive; prone to jealousy |
| narcissistic personality disorder | grandiosely self important; preoccupied with success fantasies; expecting special treatment; lacking interpersonal empathy |
| histrionic personality disorder | overly dramatic; tending to exaggerated expressions of emotion; egocentric; seeking attention |
| obsessive compulsive personality disorder | persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless rituals |
| paraphilia or psycho-sexual disorder | marked by the sexual attraction to an object, person, or activity not usually seen as sexual |
| anorexia nervosa | Eating disorder characterized by intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and dangerous measures to lose weight. |
| bulimia | Eating disorder characterized by habitually engaging in out-of-control overeating followed by unhealthy compensatory efforts, such as self-induced vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxatives and diuretics, and excessive exercise. |
| autism | Autism is a developmental disorder that appears in the first 3 years of life, and affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills. |
| attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder | children who have difficulty paying attention or sitting still; occurs much more commonly in boys |
| David Rosenhan | David L. Rosenhan was an American psychologist. He is best known for the Rosenhan experiment, a study challenging the validity of psychiatry diagnoses. |
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