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XR 104 Midterm

QuestionAnswer
the foot is divided into 3 basic parts. what are they? the forefoot, the midfoot, and the hindfoot
the forefoot includes the phalanges and metatarsals
the midfoot includes the tarsals
the hind foot includes the talus and the calcaneus
the hinge joints that connect the phalanges are called IP joints: interphalangeal joints
the hinge joints between the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges are called MTP joints: metatarsophalangeal joints
there are usually 2 sesamoid bones in the foot, located where? in the region of the first MTP joint
the calcaneus is commonly referred to as the heel bone
the talus is superior to the calcaneus and articulates with what other bones? the navicular, the tibia, and the fibula
what bones articulate to form the mortise joint? the talus, tibia, and fibula
weight is transferred from the shaft of the tibia through the talus, while the _________ provide stability on either side of the ankle joint malleolus (mal-e-o-lus)
the lower leg consists of 2 long bones called the tibia and the fibula
which bones is medial, the tibia or the fibula? the tibia
which bone is lateral, the tibia or the fibula? the fibula
the single long bone of the thigh is called the femur
which bone is the largest, heaviest bone of the body the femur
how many bones in the body? 206
the patella is commonly known as the knee cap
the 2 bones that make up the pelvis are called os coxae or innominate bones
a normal variation sesamoid bone posterior to the knee is called a fabella
TRUE OR FALSE: examinations of the lower limb from the toes up to the knee joint are usually done on the table top (no grid) with the patient sitting or laying on the xray table true
TRUE OR FALSE: it is ok to leave the patients socks on while taking an xray of the foot or ankle false
TRUE OR FALSE: a rolled up or bunched up trouser leg will create an artifact on the radiograph true
which projection of the toes requires the use of a 15 degree wedge sponge to be placed under the foot? AP axial
where is the CR for the AP, AP oblique, and lateral projections of the toe? perpendicular to the MTP joint of the toe in question
which surface of the foot is touching the film for a lateral projection of the 1st toe? medial
which surface of the foot is touching the film for a lateral projection of the 5th toe? lateral
where is the CR directed for the AP axial projection of the foot? 10 degrees posteriorly to the base of the 3rd metatarsal
where is the CR directed for the AP oblique projection of the foot? perpendicular to the base of the 3rd metatarsal
for the axial projection of the calcaneus, how many degrees should the CR have? 40 degrees cephalad
for the axial projection of the calcaneus, which surface of the ankle and heel is in contact with the film? posterior
which plane of the foot is perpendicular to the film for the axial projection of the calcaneus? sagittal plane
where is the CR for the axial projection of the calcaneus? 40 degrees cephalic entering the base of the 3rd metatarsal
where is the CR for the lateral projection of the calcaneus? 1" distal to the medial malleolus
where is the CR for the AP, AP oblique, and AP oblique mortise projections of the ankle joint? perpendicular to a point midway between the malleoli
where is the CR for the lateral projection of the ankle joint? perpendicular to the medial malleolus
for the AP oblique projection of the ankle, how many degrees should the leg be rotated? 45 degrees medially
for the AP oblique mortise projection of the ankle, how many degrees should the leg be rotated? 15-20 degrees medially
where is the CR for the AP and lateral projections of the lower leg (Tib/Fib) perpendicular to the center of the film, entering midshaft of the tibia
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