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Ch 20
Antibiotics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anti-infective medications are commonly referred to as | antibiotics. |
| Antibiotics are effective against many types of | bacteria |
| Antibiotics are not effective against any | viral infection |
| For antibiotics to be effective against a bacterial infection they must be taken | on time and until the prescription is completed |
| If this procedure is not followed, the infection can remain and the possibility of a | resistant strain of bacteria can be created |
| Bacteria are identified by using a | staining technique |
| Bacteria that stain pink are called | gram negative |
| Bacteria that stain violet are called | gram positive |
| Broad spectrum antibiotics are effective against a | variety of different types of bacteria |
| Antibiotics can reduce the effectiveness of an | influenza vaccination |
| Sulfonamide antibiotics are commonly referred to as | sulfa drugs |
| sulfadiazine | sulfonamide antibiotics |
| sulfisoxazole | sulfonamide antibiotics |
| Gantrisin | sulfonamide antibiotics |
| trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) | sulfonamide antibiotics |
| Bactrim | sulfonamide antibiotics |
| Septra | sulfonamide antibiotics |
| sulfisoxazole AKA | Gantrisin |
| trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) (free) AKA | Bactrim |
| trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) (free) AKA | Septra |
| Penicillin is abbreviated | PCN |
| amoxicillin | penicillin antibiotics |
| Amoxil | penicillin antibiotics |
| Trimox | penicillin antibiotics |
| ampicillin | penicillin antibiotics |
| Principen | penicillin antibiotics |
| dicloxacillin | penicillin antibiotics |
| nafcillin | penicillin antibiotics |
| oxacillin | penicillin antibiotics |
| penicillin | penicillin antibiotics |
| Pfizerpen | penicillin antibiotics |
| Bicillin | penicillin antibiotics |
| Permapen | penicillin antibiotics |
| piperacillin | penicillin antibiotics |
| ticarcillin | penicillin antibiotics |
| Ticar | penicillin antibiotics |
| Augmentin | penicillin antibiotics |
| amoxicillin (free) AKA | Amoxil |
| amoxicillin (free) AKA | Trimox |
| ampicillin (free) AKA | Principen |
| penicillin (free) AKA | Pfizerpen |
| penicillin (free) AKA | Bicillin |
| penicillin (free) AKA | Permapen |
| ticarcillin AKA | Ticar. |
| Penicillin (PCN) resistant bacteria produce an antagonistic enzyme called | penicillinase |
| MRSA stands for | methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus |
| Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to the | penicillin antibiotics |
| Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is normally found in | 1% of the general population |
| The most common place to find methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a | hospital or nursing facility |
| Most methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are not serious but some can be | life threatening |
| Conditions most susceptible to methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection include | Diabetes mellitus (DM). |
| Conditions most susceptible to methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection include | . Cancer (Ca). |
| Conditions most susceptible to methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection include | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). |
| Outbreaks of community associated methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (CAMRSA) have been seen where people share close quarters such as | schools, gyms, and day care centers |
| The most effective technique to prevent methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is | proper hand washing |
| PRSP stands for | penicillin resistant streptococcus pneumonia |
| cefadroxil | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Duricef | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| cefazolin | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| cephalexin | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Keflex | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| cefaclor | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Ceclor | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| cefditoren | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Spectracef | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| cefotetan | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Cefotan | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| cefoxitin | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Mefoxin | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| cefprozil | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Cefzil | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| cefuroxime | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Ceftin | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Zinacef | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| cefdinir | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Omnicef | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| cefepime | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Maxipime | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| cefixime | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Suprax | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| cefoperazone | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Cefobid | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| cefotaxime | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Claforan | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| cefpodoxime | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Vantin | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| ceftazidime | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Tazicef | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Ceptaz | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Fortaz | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| ceftibuten | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Cedax | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| ceftizoxime | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Cefizox | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| ceftriaxone | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Rocephin | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| Many patients who are allergic to penicillin (PCN) antibiotics are also allergic to | cephalosporin antibiotics |
| gentamicin | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| Garamycin | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| kanamycin | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| Kantrex | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| amakacin | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| Amakin | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| neomycin | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| paromomycin | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| Humatin | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| streptomycin | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| tobramycin | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| TOBI | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| Tobrex | aminoglycoside antibiotics |
| gentamicin AKA | Garamycin |
| The aminoglycoside antibiotics can be | nephrotoxic and/or ototoxic |
| doxycycline | tetracycline antibiotics |
| Vibramycin | tetracycline antibiotics |
| Vibra-Tabs | tetracycline antibiotics |
| demeclocycline. | tetracycline antibiotics |
| Declomycin | tetracycline antibiotics |
| Minocycline | tetracycline antibiotics |
| Dynacin. | tetracycline antibiotics |
| Minocin | tetracycline antibiotics |
| tetracycline | tetracycline antibiotics |
| Sumycin | tetracycline antibiotics |
| Cipro | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| ciprofloxacin | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| Zithromax Z-Pak | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| azithromycin | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| Biaxin | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| Levaquin | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| Floxin | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| Avelox | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| vancomycin | miscellaneous antibiotics |
| Cipro (ciprofloxacin) can lose effectiveness if combined with | fruit juices |
| doxycycline (free) AKA | Vibramycin |
| doxycycline (free) AKA | Vibra-Tabs |
| Zithromax Z-Pak | azithromycin |
| Vancomycin is commonly used to treat | methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). |
| VRSA stands for | vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus. |
| VRE stands for | vancomycin resistant enterococcus |
| erythromycin (free) AKA | E.E.S. |
| erythromycin (free) AKA | Eryzole |
| erythromycin (free) AKA | Eryderm |
| erythromycin (free) AKA | Eryc |
| erythromycin (free) AKA | EryPed |
| erythromycin (free) AKA | Pediazole |
| erythromycin (free) AKA | Erythrocin |
| erythromycin (free) AKA | Ery-Tab. |
| Erythromycin drops (gtt) are commonly used to treat sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the eyes of | neonates (newborns) {NB}. |
| Probenecid is a medication that prolongs the therapeutic blood levels of | ampicillin and cephalosporins |
| A class of medications that some antibiotics have an antagonistic effect upon are the | oral contraceptive pills (OCP) AKA birth control pills (BCP). |
| AIDS stands for | acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
| HIV stands for | human immunodeficiency virus |
| The “window period” for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is | 2 weeks to 6 months |
| The “window period” is the time between exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and | detection with a blood test |
| A person with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can transmit the virus to others during the | window period. |
| The average incubation period between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is | 2-8 years |
| The diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) occurs when the CD4 T lymphocyte count drops below 200 mm3 or | an opportunistic infection occurs |
| Opportunistic infections include | . PCP (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia). |
| Opportunistic infections include | TB (tuberculosis |
| Opportunistic infections include | KS (Kaposi’s sarcoma |
| Opportunistic infections include | Herpes simplex virus (HSV) I+II |
| Herpes simplex virus I (HSVI) causes | herpetic stomatitis AKA cold sores. |
| Herpes simplex virus II (HSVII) causes | genital herpes |
| Herpes zoster causes | shingles. |
| Candida albicans (candidiasis causes | vaginal yeast (fungal) infections and thrush. |
| Opportunistic infections include | Candida albicans (candidiasis) |
| Antiviral medications work by | interfering with the reproductive cycle of the virus targeted. |
| Antiviral medications used to treat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) include: | Retrovir (zidovudine |
| Antiviral medications used to treat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) include: | Epivir (lamivudine). |
| Antiviral medications used to treat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) include: | Sustiva (efavirenz |
| Retrovir aka | zidovudine) |
| Epivir aka | lamivudine) |
| Sustiva aka | efavirenz |
| Retrovir (zidovudine), Epivir (lamivudine), and Sustiva (efavirenz) are routinely given in combination and called an | AIDS cocktail |
| These antiviral medications to treat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) must be taken every day in order to prevent the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from developing a | resistance |
| Lithobid (lithium) is used to treat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) because of the side effect of | leukocytosis. |
| Leukocytosis means | an elevated white blood cell count (WBC). |
| Lithobid (lithium) is primarily used to treat | manic-depressive illness (MDI) AKA bipolar mental disorder (BMD). |
| Antiviral medications used to treat the HSVI include: | acyclovir |
| Antiviral medications used to treat the HSVI include: | Zovirax |
| Antiviral medications used to treat the HSVI include: | Abreva |
| acyclovir AKA | Zovirax |
| Antiviral medications used to treat the HSVII include: | acyclovir |
| Antiviral medications used to treat the HSVII include: | Zovirax |
| Antiviral medications used to treat the HSVII include: | Valtrex. |
| Antiviral medications used to treat herpes zoster include: | acyclovir |
| Antiviral medications used to treat herpes zoster include: | Zovirax |
| Antiviral medications used to treat herpes zoster include: | Zostrix |
| Antiviral medications used to treat herpes zoster include: | Valtrex |
| Antiviral medications used to treat influenza A and B include: | Tamiflu. |
| Antiviral medications used to treat influenza A and B include: | Relenza |
| Antiviral medications used to treat influenza A and B include: | Symmetrel |
| Fungal infections (dermatophytosis) include: | Ringworm |
| Fungal infections (dermatophytosis) include: | tinea corporis |
| Fungal infections (dermatophytosis) include: | Athlete’s foot |
| Fungal infections (dermatophytosis) include: | tinea pedis. |
| Fungal infections (dermatophytosis) include: | Jock itch |
| Fungal infections (dermatophytosis) include: | tinea cruris |
| Fungal infections (dermatophytosis) include: | Fungal infection of the scalp |
| Fungal infections (dermatophytosis) include: | tinea capitis |
| Ringworm AKA | tinea corporis |
| Athlete’s foot AKA | tinea pedis. |
| Jock itch AKA | tinea cruris |
| Fungal infection of the scalp AKA | tinea capitis (“cradle cap”). |
| Candida albicans (candidiasis) AKA | vaginal yeast infection or thrush. |
| Onychomycosis which is a fungal infection of the | nails. |
| Medications used to treat fungal infections (dermatophytosis) are called | antifungals |
| Diflucan | Antifungal medications |
| fluconazole | Antifungal medications |
| Nizoral | Antifungal medications |
| ketoconazole | Antifungal medications |
| amphotericin B | Antifungal medications |
| Fungizone | Antifungal medications |
| Monistat | Antifungal medications |
| Vagistat | Antifungal medications |
| miconazole | Antifungal medications |
| tioconazole. | Antifungal medications |
| Diflucan AKA | fluconazole |
| Nizoral AKA | ketoconazole. |
| . amphotericin B AKA | Fungizone |
| Monistat or Vagistat AKA | miconazole or tioconazole |
| The bag or bottle containing intravenous (I.V.) I.V. fluid, connecting tubing, and a needle or flexible catheter inserted in the vein is called an | intravenous (I.V.) line |
| Intravenous (I.V.) infusion rate orders are usually expressed as | mL/hour or cc/hour |
| When an intravenous (I.V.) fluid is administered over several hours it is called an | intravenous (I.V.) drip. |
| A drop (gt) is AKA | minim. |
| A small bag/bottle of medication connected into the intravenous (I.V.) tubing and hung next to the main intravenous (I.V.) bag/bottle is called an | intravenous piggyback (IVPB). |
| Intravenous (I.V.) tubing has rubber stoppers to inject medications called | ports. |
| For a medication to reach the bloodstream immediately, it is injected into an intravenous (I.V.) port and is called an | intravenous push (IVP |
| Another name for this intravenous (I.V.) loading dose is a | bolus |
| A very slow infusion of intravenous (I.V.) fluid designed to prevent coagulation from occurring at the opening of the intravenous (I.V.) catheter is called | keep vein open (KVO) AKA to keep open (TKO). |
| Intermittent administration of intravenous (I.V.) medications and fluids via an intravenous (I.V.) access site without the intravenous (I.V.) tubing or continuous intravenous (I.V.) infusion is called a | reseal or heparin lock (“hep-lock”). |
| Heparin is classified as an | anticoagulant. |
| A computer that controls the amount of intravenous (I.V.) solution delivered to a patient is called an | infusion pump |
| A programmable device allowing a patient to administer their own intravenous (I.V.) analgesic is called | patient controlled analgesia (PCA). |
| A catheter inserted into a peripheral vein and advanced to the superior vena cava for prolonged intravenous (I.V.) therapy such as antineoplastics is called a | peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). |
| normal saline solution AKA | 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl). |
| 1/2 NS or 1/2 NSS which stands for one half normal saline solution AKA | 0.45% sodium chloride (NaCl). |
| The term saline means | salt |
| The salts of the body are also referred to as | electrolytes (“lytes”) and include: sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl). |
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