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P Science Atom
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atom | the basic particle of matter from which all other matter is constructed; smalles piece of matter that still retains the property of the element |
| Element | pur stubstance that only contains one kind of atom (same number of protons) |
| Protons | Location: nucleus, importance: determine the type of element |
| Neutrons | location: nucleus, importance: stabilizes repulsive forces btwn p+ in the nucleus, outside the nucleus break down quickly |
| Electrons | location: surrounds the nucleus (electron cloud), importance: responsible for all the chemical, physical, and magnetic properties of an atom |
| Quarks | particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons; 6 different types have been discovered |
| Atomic number | number of protons in the atom |
| Mass number | number of protons and neutrons |
| Atomic mass | actual mass of the atom (not the same as mass #, which considers e- mass insignificant) |
| Isotope | atoms of an element with a different # neutrons |
| Mass #- atomic # | # of neutrons |
| Energy levels | electrons occupy these; each level has different potential energy (less energy closer to the nucleus and more farther from it) |
| Valence electrons | electrons in the outermost level |
| Ground states | most stable state; all e- in lowest possible levels |
| Radioactivity | nuclear decay which happens when the strong force in the nucleus is not large enough to hold the nucleus together |
| Matter and energy | what the nucleus gives off |
| Matter | particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| Energy | electromagnetic waves (EM rays) |
| Radioactive atoms | unstable nuclei; all nuclei with more than 83 protons |
| Fission | breaking apart large unstable nucleus splits into smaller more stable nuclei and more free neutrons and releases energy |
| Fusion | putting together two small nuclei combine to form one larger nucleus and releases energy |
| Gamma decay | emits gamma rays and has electromagnetic waves |
| Alpha decay | emits alpha particles and has 2 protons and 2 neutrons (similar to helium atom) |
| Beta decay | emits beta particles and has 1st: 1 neutron – 1 proton and 2nd electron ejected |
| Fusion | what kind of nuclear bombardment reaction occurs in the sun |
Created by:
Crayford
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