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Gabby Psych 1
Terms and Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Multicultural Psychology | the systematic study of behavior, cognition, and affect in settings where people of different backgrounds interact. |
| Culture | the values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people, shared through symbols and passed down from generation to generation. |
| Diversity | differences beyond race, ethnicity, and nationality, such as sexual orientations, religions, and abilities. |
| Worldview | a psychological perception of the environment that determines how we think, behave, and feel. |
| Biological Concept of Race | the perspective that a race is a group of people who share a specific combination of physical, genetically inherited characteristics that distinguish them from other groups. |
| Sociocultural Concept of Race | perspective that values & behaviors that have been associated with groups of people who share different physical characteristics serve the purpose of providing a way for outsiders to view another group & for members of a group to perceive themselves. |
| Ethnicity | a combination of race and culture |
| Culture Contact | critical incidents in which people from different cultures come into social contact with one another. |
| Cross-cultural Psychology | the study of comparisons across cultures or countries, as opposed to comparisons of groups within one society. |
| Ethnical Psychology | the study of the minds of "other races and peoples." |
| Eugenics | a movement that maintains that only "good genes" should be passed from generation to generation and that "undesirable" groups should be dissuaded from reproducing. |
| Functional Equivalence | the equating of items on a test or a survey functionally as opposed to literally. ex. fairy tale in america vs. other culture |
| Conceptual Equivalence | refers to a term or phrase that is a culturally meaningful equivalent or the term being examined. ex. word depression exists in English but different in another language |
| Linguistic Equivalence | the translation of a term from one language to another that carries with it similar meaning. ex. test from English to Spanish and back |
| Metric Equivalence | numeric scores that are generally equivalent from one culture to another. |
| Bias of the user | a bias in the interpretation of the test when the test user has a particular perspective or bias that may disadvantage a person or group. |
| Bias in the usage | a bias introduced when a test is used in an inappropriate manner, such as being administered in a language in which the test taker is not fluent. |
| Etic Perspective | an attempt to build theories of human behavior by examining commonalities across many cultures. |
| Emic Perspecive | an attempt to derive meaningful concepts within one culture. |
| Imposed Etics | the imposition of one culture's worldview on another culture, assuming that one's own worldviews are universal. |
| Delay of Gratification | the ability to wait for a more desirable reward instead of taking a less desirable reward immediately. |
| Individualism | a social pattern in which individuals tend to be motivated by their own preferences, needs, and rights when they come into conflict with those of a group or collective in which the individual is a member. |
| Collectivism | a social pattern in which individuals tend to be motivated by the group's or collective's preferences, needs, and rights when they come into conflict with those of the individual. |
| Idiocentrism | individualistic tendencies that reside within an individual. Individualism refers to the society, whereas this refers to an individual |
| Allocentrism | collectivistic tendencies that reside within an individual. |
| Countercultural Individuals | idiocentric individuals residing in a collectivistic culture or allocentric individuals residing in an individualistic culture. |
| Guilt | a prominent negative emotion in individualistic cultures that involves an individual's sense of personal regret for having engaged in a negative behavior. |
| Shame | a prominent negative emotion in collectivistic cultures that involves an individual's sense of regret for having engaged in a negative behavior that reflects badly upon his or her family and/or upbringing. |
| Losing face | involves being publicly revealed for negative behavior |
| Saving face | involves being able to protect one's public persona |
| Face giving/giving face | extolling the virtues of another person in public. It would be considered boastful and individualistic if the individual did this himself/herself |
| Time Focus | an orientation that values a particular time perspective. Some cultures value the past, some value the present, and some value the future. |
| Human Activity | the distinction among being, being and in becoming, and doing. |
| Being (human activity) | refers to an individual's being accepted just as he or she is. |
| Being and in becoming (human activity) | refers to an individual's evolving into something different and presumably better. |
| Doing (human activity) | refers to an individual's being valued for the activity in which he or she is engaged. |
| Locus of Control | the focus of control over outcomes of one's life, be it internal or external control. |
| Locus of Responsibility | the focus of responsibility of one's position in life, be it internal feelings of responsibility or external, societal responsibility. |
| Freeze | to stop and try to interpret a situation that may be a potential threat. |
| Flee | an attempt to escape an uncomfortable or potentially dangerous situation. |
| Fight | if escape is not possible, we may attempt to be aggressive in order to defend against the danger we perceive. |
| Fright | feelings of anxiety about the potentially dangerous situation. |
| Distancing | avoiding situations in which one feels different. It can occur physically, emotionally, or intellectually. |
| Denial | pretending that there is no difference between oneself and another, minimizing its importance, and ignoring the difference altogether. |
| Defensiveness | trying to protect oneself from acknowledging the difference between oneself and another to avoid the discomfort created by that difference. |
| Devaluing | assessing the difference between oneself and another as deficient or less important. |
| Discovery | appreciating the difference between oneself and another, seeing how enriching that difference may be, and seeking out opportunities to gain familiarity. |
| Simple | things that are similar to us or our values are easy or comfortable |
| Safe | things that are similar to us or are values are not a threat because we know how to deal with them and do not have to encounter unsettled feelings of going beyond the familiar to the unknown. |
| Sane | things that are similar to us or our values help us feel normal because if we are like everyone else, we are not out of step; we are validated or affirmed. |
Created by:
GIbrahim4
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