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Psychology Test 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| developmental psychology | examines how people are continually developing-physically, cognitively, and socially-from infancy through old age |
| Nature/nurture | How do genetic inheritance and experience influence our development? |
| Continutiy/stages | Is development a gradual continuous process like riding an escalator, or does it proceed through a sequence of separate stages like climbing rungs on a ladder? |
| Stability/change | Do our early personality traits persist through life, or do we become different persons as we age? |
| zygote | fertilized egg; enters 2-week period of rapid cell division |
| embryo | developing human organism; 2 weeks after fertilization-->2nd month |
| fetus | developing human organism from 9 weeks-->birth |
| teratogens | harmful agents (viruses/drugs) that can reach the embryo/fetus |
| FAS (fetal alcohol syndrome) | physical and cognitive abnormality in children caused by pregnant woman's heavy drinking during pregnancy |
| maturation | how the brain develops; biological growth process that enables orderly change in behavior |
| cognition | the mental activities associated w/ thinking, knowing, remembering, and communication |
| schema | concept or mental mold into which we pour our experiences |
| assimilation | interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schema |
| object-permanence | the awareness that objects continue to exist when not perceived |
| theory of mind | people's idea about their own and others' mental states |
| autism | disorder that appears in childhood; marked by problems with communication, social interaction, and understanding how others feel |
| attachment | emotional tie with another person shown in young children by their seeking closeness |
| basic trust | a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy |
| authoritarian | parents who impose rules and expect obedience |
| permissive | parents submit to their children's desire; make few demands and use little punishment |
| authoritative | parents are both demanding and responsive; exert control by setting rules and enforcing them, but they also explain the reasons for the rules |
| primary sex characteristics | reproductive organs and external genitalia |
| secondary sex characteristics | non-reproductive traits such as breasts, hips, facial hair, etc. |
| preconventional morality | before age 9; focuses on self interests |
| conventional morality | by early adolescence; focuses on caring for others and upholding laws and rules |
| postconventional morality | actions judged right because they flow from people's rights or self defined basic ethical principles |
| egocentrism | the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view |
| menopause | the time of natural cessation of menstruation |
| self concept | all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question "Who am I?" |
| stranger anxiety | the fear of strangers that infants commonly display |
| identity | our sense of self |
| social identity | the "we" aspect of our self-concept |
Created by:
efgray
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