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ccctc test 7
defenitions for test 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Composed of the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins. transports nutrients to tissues and removes wastes from tissues | cardiovascular system |
| abnormal heart rhythm or heartbeats occur and vary from the normal orderly sequence. this can reduce the heart's ability to pump blood. | arrythmia |
| chest pain is caused by an insufficient amount of oxygenated blood reaching the heart muscle. | angina |
| an infection involving the heart | endocarditis |
| being obtained from the digitalis plant and exert powerful action on the heart, it also increases the muscle's contraction and improves irregular heartbeats | cardiac glycosides |
| uses for cardiac glycosides | treat congestive heart failure and some arrhythmias |
| mechanism of action for cardiac glycosides | unknown, but cardiac glycosides increase the contraction of the heart |
| side effects of cardiac glycosides | nausea/vomiting, confusion, arrhythmias, yellow/green halos, low therapeutic index |
| digoxin | lanoxin, digitex |
| uses for antiarrhytmics | help to restore and maintain normal heart rhythms |
| mechanism of action for antiarrhythmics | multiple classes have different effects on the heart to affect its rhythm |
| side effects of antiarrhythmics | nausea/vomiting, confusion, arrythmias |
| lidocaine | xylocaine |
| procainamide | procan |
| quinidine | quinidex |
| amiodarone | cordarone |
| flecainide | tambocor |
| propafenone | rythmol |
| uses for antianginals | treats angina |
| mechanism of action for antianginals | decreases the amoun tof blood that returns to the heart, decreasing the heart rate or decreasing the resistance to pump, and decreases the amount of work for the heart |
| side effects for antianginals | dizziness, low blood pressure, and headaches because of dilation of blood vessels |
| nitroglycerin | nitrostat |
| isosorbide dinitrate | osordil |
| isosorbide mononitrate | imdur |
| why should nitroglycerin not be stored in soft plastic | because nitroglycerin readily undergoes absorption to many soft plastics |
| uses for vasodilators | treats peripheral vascular disease caused by arteriosclerosis and advanced diabetes |
| mechanism of action for vasodilators | dilate peripheral blood vessels, increase blood flow to extremities by relaxing the smooth muscle of the blood vessels |
| side effects of vasodilators | tachycardia (increased heart rate) |
| hydralazine | apresoline |
| uses for PDE-5 meds | treats erectile dysfunction, treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) |
| mechanism of action for PDE-5 | a PDE-5 inhibitor works to increase blood flow in the penis through vasodilation. PDE-5 is also used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension |
| side effects of PDE-5 | appear to be dose related: headache, dizziness, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, rhinitis |
| contraindications | PDE5 inhibitors are contraindicated in patients taking nitrate medication. They are also contraindicated in men for whom sexual intercourse is inadvisable because of cardiovascular risk factors. |
| sildenafil | viagra |
| tadalafil | cialis |
| vardenafil | levitra |
| uses for calcium channel blockers | treat hypertension and angina |
| mechanism of action for calcium channel blockers | dialate coronary arteries, reduce oxygen demand on the heart, and decrease heart rate; ccblockers work by blocking voltage-gated calcium channels in cardiac muscle and blood vessels |
| side effects of calcium channel blockers | constipation |
| nifedipine | procardia |
| verapamil | calan, isoptin |
| diltiazem | cardizem |
| amlodipine | norvasc |
| felodipine | plendil |
| uses for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors | treat hypertension and congestive heart failure |
| mechanism of action for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors | prevents the conversion of angiotensin 1 and angiotensin 2 |
| side effects of ACE inhibitors | cough [if the cough persists then try a different one]; rash/swelling |
| captopril | capoten |
| enalapril | vasotec |
| lisinopril | zestril, prinivil |
| benazepril | lotensin |
| fosinopril | monopril |
| quinapril | accupril |
| ramipril | altace |
| moexipril | univasc |
| trandolapril | mavik |
| angiotensin 2 inhibitors uses | treats hypertension and congestive heart failure |
| mechanism of action for angiotensin 2 inhibitors | inhibits angiotensin 2 and reduces vasoconstriction and blood pressure |
| losartan | cozaar |
| valsartan | diovan |
| irbesartan | avapro |
| uses for beta-adrenergic blockers | treats hypertension and angina |
| mechanism of action for beta-adrenergic blockers | inhibits the action at the beta receptors on the heart; some are selective for the beta cells only on the herat, while others are non-selective and can act in other places within the body, e.g. lungs |
| side effects of beta-adrenergic blockers | hypotension, bronchocontriction [not used with asthma patients-if used, must be with caution], dizziness |
| atenolol | tenormin |
| metoprolol | lopressor |
| propranolol | inderal |
| nadol | corgard |
| sotalol | betapace |
| acebutolol | sectral |
| labetolol | trandate |
| bisoprolol | zabeta |
| alpha-adrenergic blockers uses | treat hypertension, severe congestive heart failure, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) |
| mechanism of action for alpha-adrenergic blockers | inhibits the action at the alpha receptors in the blood vessels |
| side effects of alpha-adrenergic blockers | orthostatic hypotension and dizziness |
| prazosin | minipress |
| terazosin | hytrin |
| doxazosin | cardura |
| tamsulosin | flomax |
| uses for antilipidemic agents | treat heart disease and high cholesterol |
| mechanism of action for antilipidemic agents | reduces serum lipids and minimizes the rate of new fat deposition; decreases LDL, decreases triglycerides |
| side effects of antilipidemic agents | diarrhea, constipation, flushing |
| lovastatin | mevacor |
| gemfibrozil | lopid |
| cholestyramine | questran |
| pravastatin | pravachol |
| simvastatin | zocor |
| atorvastatin | lipitor |
| fluvastatin | lescol |
| fenofibrate | tricor |
Created by:
kfpolchies
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