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NS drugs--pharm
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Bethanechol | muscarinic agonist cholinesterase prototype treatment of postpartum and post-operative non-obstructive urinary retention |
acetylcholine | muscarinic agonist cholinesterase |
methacholine | muscarinic agonist cholinesterase |
carbachol | muscarinic agonist cholinesterase mitotic agent (small pupils) for glaucoma |
Pilocarpine | muscarinic agoinst natural alkaloid prototype treatment of glaucoma |
muscarine | muscarinic agonist natural alkaloid considered a toxin--from mushrooms |
atropine | muscarinic antagonist prototype natural alkaloid L-Hyoscyamine |
scopalamine | muscarinic antagonist prototype L-Hyoscine |
CNS compounds (Anti-Parkinsons) Muscarinic antagonists | benztropine trihexylphenidyl biperiden procyclidine |
benztropine | CNS compound (Anti-Parkinsons) Muscarinic antagonists |
trihexylphenidyl | CNS compound (Anti-Parkinsons) Muscarinic antagonists |
biperiden | CNS compound (Anti-Parkinsons) Muscarinic antagonist |
procyclidine | CNS compound (Anti-Parkinsons) Muscarinic antagonist |
Muscarinic antagonists Urinary incontinence drugs | oxybutynin tolteridine |
oxybutynin | Muscarinic antagonist Urinary incontinence drugs |
tolteridine | Muscarinic antagonist Urinary incontinence drugs |
Muscarinic antagonists Inhalants | Ipratropium Tiotropium |
Ipratropium | Muscarinic antagonist; bronchodilator; used for cholinergic-mediated bronchospasm related to COPD; causes dry mouth |
Tiotropium | Muscarinic antagonist; bronchodilator; significantly longer half-life; some selectivity for M3 |
Methylscopolamine bromide | Muscarinic antagonist GI spasms |
Homatropine methylbromide | Muscarinic antagonist GI spasms and IBS |
Prothantheline | Muscarinic antagonist ulcer |
Glycopyrrolate | Muscarinic antagonist anti-vagal with anesthesia |
Receptor subtype selective muscarinic antagonists | pirenzepine (M1, M4 selective) acid-peptic disorders darifenacin (somewhat M3 selective) urinary incontinence |
Tensilon test used to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis | Edrophonium |
Pralidoxime (2-PAM) | treatment of organophosphate poisoning |
Indirect muscarinic agonists treatment of glaucoma by targeting muscarinic receptors | Echothiophate diisopropyl fluorophosphate |
Indirect muscarinic agonists treatment of Myasthenia Gravis by targeting nicotinic receptors (do not cross BBB) | neostigmine pyridostimine ambenonium |
Indirect muscarinic agonists treatment of Alzheimer's | Physostigmine Tacrine Donepezil Galantamine |
Indirect muscarinic agonists Bug poisons | Parathion malathion sevin chlorpyriphos |
Indirect muscarinic agonists Human poisons | Sarin Soman VX (dermal LD50 ~784ug) |
Main classes of Indirect muscarinic agonists | Quaternary amines carbamates Organophosphates |
Indirect muscarinic agonists Quaternary amines | Edrophonium very short-acting |
Indirect muscarinic agonists carbamates | neostigmine physostigmine intermediate to long-acting |
Indirect muscarinic agonists organophosphates | diisopropyl fluorophosphate very long acting (so slow its irreversible) |
Nicotinic blockers | acetylcholine succinylcholine pancuronium tubocurarine atracurium doxacurium |
Nicotinic blocker prototype | tubocurarine |
Steroid-based neuromuscular blockers | Pancuronium Pipecuronium Vecuronium Rocuronium |
Nicotinic blocker that acts initially as a depolarizing agent, then it becomes a non-depolarizing agent | succinylcholine |
most notable effect of alpha-1 | vasoconstriction |
most notable effect of alpha-2 | lowers BP inhibition of sympathetic activity |
most notable effect of beta-1 | stimulates the heart |
most notable effect of beta-2 | bronchodilation blood vessel dilation |
Dobutamine | beta-1 agonist increases cardiac output positive inotropic effect |
Albuterol Terbutaline | short-acting beta-2 agonists used for asthma/COPD |
Salmeterol Formoterol | long-acting beta-2 agonists used for asthma/COPD |
Ritodrine | beta-2 agonist tocolytic (uterine relaxer) used to treat premature labor |
Isoproterenol | prototypic non-selective beta agonist |
Alpha-1 agonists nasal decongestants | Pseudoephedrine Phenylephrine Oxymetazoline |
tetrahydrozoline | alpha-1 agonist gets red out of eyes by vasoconstriction |
methoxamine | Alpha-1 agonist treats hypotension vasoconstrictor |
Mephenteramine | Alpha-1 agonist direct and indirect acting (NE release) treats hypotension |
Alpha-1 agonist direct and indirect acting (NE release) treats paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (vasocontriction causes reflex bradycardia) | Metaraminol |
Midodrine | Alpha-1 agonist treats orthostatic hypotension |
Norepinephrine (inject only) | Alpha-1 agonist treats severe acute hypotension |
Alpha-1 agonist effects tried for weight loss, but causes cataracts | 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) |
Alpha-1 agonist effects weight loss drugs | amphetamine, methamphetamine phentermine phendimetrazine, phenmetrazine diethylpropion phenylpropanolamine (Ayds) |
Alpha-2 agonists used in treatment of BP used in treatment of drug withdrawal/addiction | clonidine guanabenz guanfacine |
Tizanidine | Alpha-2 agonist muscle relaxer |
Apraclonidine Brimonide | Alpha-2 agonists treatment of glaucoma--decrease aqueous humor production |
false transmitter acts as alpha-2 agonist without much effect on alpha-1 receptor | Methyldopa |
Phenoxybenzamine | Alpha-1 antagonist treatment for pheochromocytoma long-acting |
Phentolamine | Alpha-1 antagonist treatment for pheochromocytoma effect 5-7 hrs |
Alpha-1 antagonists vasodilators work on alpha-1>>>alpha-2 | Prazosin doxazosin terazosin tamsulosin |
Prazosin | Alpha-1 antagonist prototype vasodilators work on alpha-1>>>alpha-2 |
Yohimbine | alpha-2 antagonist used for sexual dysfunction |
Beta antagonist prototype blocks beta-1 and beta-2 | propranolol |
pindolol | Beta antagonist intrinsic sympathomimetic activity partial agonist effects at beta-2 |
metoprolol | Beta antagonist selective for beta-1 (cardio-selective) |
labetalol | Beta antagonist blocks beta receptors and alpha-1 ISA--partial agonist effects at beta-2 |
acebutolol | Beta antagonist membrane stabalizing activity--may improve some cardiac arrhythmias |
Cardio-selective beta blockers | acebutolol atenolol esmolol metoprolol |
Non-selective beta blockers | labetalol nadolol pindolol propranolol timolol |
beta blockers with ISA partial agonist effects at beta-2 | acebutolol labetalol pindolol |
beta blocker with shortest half-life (10 minutes) | esmolol |