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Psych 232- Chapter 3

developmental: forming a new life

TermDefinition
fertilization union of sperm and ovum to produce a zygote, also called conception
zygote one-celled organism resulting from fertilization
dizygotic twins twins conceived by the union of 2 different ova (or single ovum that has split) with 2 different sperm cells, also called faternal twins
monozygotic twins twins resulting from the division of a single zygote after fertilization, also called identical twins
DNA chemical that carries inherited instructions for the development of al cellular forms of life
human genome complete sequence of genes in the human body
autosomes in humans 22 pairs of chromosomes not related to sexual experience
sex chromosomes pair of chromosomes that determines sex: XX in the normal female. XY in normal male
polygenic inheritance pattern of inheritance in which multiple genes at different sites in a chromosome affect a complex trait. EX: skin color
mutations permanent alterations in genes or chromosomes that may produce harmful characteristics
multifactorial transmission combination of genetic & environmental factors to produce certain complex traits
epigenesis mechanism that turns genes on or off and determines functions of the body cells
incomplete dominance patterns of inheritance in which a child receives two different alleles, resulting in partial expression of that trait
sex-linked inheritance pattern of inheritance in which certain characteristics carried in the X chromosome inherited from the mother are transmitted differently to her male and female offspring
Down syndrome chromosomal disorder characterized by moderate-severe metal retardation and by such physical signs as downward-sloping skin folds at the inner corner of the eyes, also called trisomy-21
genetic counseling clinical service that advises prospective parents of their probable risk of having children with hereditary defects
behavioral genetics quantitative study of related hereditary and the environmental influences on behavior
heritability statistical estimate of contribution of heredity to an individual difference in a specific trait in a given population
Concordant term describing tendency of twins to share the same trait or disorder
reaction range potential variability, depending on environmental conditions, in the expression of a hereditary trait
canalization limitation on variance of expression of certain inherited characteristics
genotype-enviornmentl interaction the portion of phenotypic variation that results from the reactions of genetically different individuals to similar environmental conditions
genotype-enviorment correlation tendency of certain genetic & environmental influences to reinforce each other. may be passive, reactive or active. Also called genotype-enviornment covariance
niche-picking tendency of a person, especially after early childhood, to seek out environments compatible with his/her genotype
non shared environmental effects the unique environment in which each child grows up, consisting of the distinctive influences that affect one child different;y than another
temperament characteristic disposition, or style of approaching and reacting to situations
gestation period of development between conception & birth
gestational age age of an unborn baby, usually dated from the first day of an expectant mother's last menstrual cycle
germinal stage 1st 2 weeks of prenatal development, characterized by rapid cell division, blastocyst formation & implantation in the cell wall of the uterus
embryonic stage 2nd stage of gestation (2-8 weeks), characterized by rapid growth and development of major boy systems and organs
spontaneous abortions natural expulsion from uterus of an embryo that cannot survive outside the womb, also called miscarriage
fetal stage final stage of gestation (8 weeks to birth), characterized by increased differentiation of body parts and enlarged body size
ultrasound prenatal medical procedure using high-frequency sound waves to detect the outline of a fetus and its movements, so as to determine whether a pregnancy is progressing normally
teratogen environmental agent, such as a virus, a drug or radiation that can interfere with normal prenatal development & cause abnormalities
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Combination of mental, motor, & development abnormalities affecting the offspring of some women who drink heavily during pregnancy
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Viral disease that undermines effective functioning of the immune system
Created by: jessiedig
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