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Unit 2: Bonding
Ions, Isotopes, various types of chemical bonds
Term | Definition |
---|---|
compound | two or more atoms (elements) chemically bonded together by a chemical reaction. ex. NaCl |
covalent bond | When atoms share valence electrons to feel stable. When two non-metals bond together. |
covalent bond properties | These are weak bonds. They have low melting and boiling points. ex. H20 |
element | Smallest form of matter. Cannot be broken down into a smaller substance. Ex. Au |
Group 1 | Easier to bond with because it has less valence electrons to get rid of. (1 valence e-) |
Group 14 | Hard to bond with because it needs to add or lose 4 electrons to feel stable. |
Group 17 | Easier to bond with because it only needs one more electron to be full. (It has 7 valence e-) |
hydrogen bond | when water molecules bond to other water molecules. |
ionic bond | When ions of opposite charges are attracted to one another and bond. When a nonmetal and a metal bond together. |
ionic bond properties | These are strong bonds. They have high melting and boiling points. Ex. CaCl2 |
ions | Atoms that gain or lose electrons and will have a positive or negative charge. |
isotopes | Atoms that gain or lose neutrons. They will have a neutral charge and their mass will change. |
Law of Conservation of Mass | Mass cannot be created or destroyed. This means the mass before a chemical reaction has to be the same after a reaction. |
metallic bonds | When two metal atoms bond together by loosely held together valence electrons. They conduct electricity, have luster, are malleable, and ductile. |
metals | are on the left side of the periodic table. |
Non-metals | are on the right side of the periodic table. |
metalloids | Can act as a metal or a non-metal. These elements border the stair steps of the periodic table. |
Positive Charged Ion | Happens when an atom loses electrons. |
Negative Charged Ion | happens when an atom gains electrons. |
Cation | A positive charged ion |
Anion | A negative charged ion |
Radioactivity | the spontaneous emission of radiation by an unstable atomic nucleus |
Half-life | length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay |