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Nichole's Vocab
RT Classes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| infarction | the development and formation of a localized area of tissue necrosis |
| polycythemia | increase in blood cells |
| anaphylaxis | a severe reaction or hypersensitivity to a foreign substance as a result of previous exposure to the antigen(foreign substance) |
| ischemia | deficiency of blood flow to a specific body part due to interference of circulation |
| prophylactic | preventative and protective |
| flowmeter | a device operated by a needle valve that controls and measure gas flow |
| airway resistance | a measure of the impedance to ventilation cause by the movement of gas through the airways. Abbreviated as RAW |
| cor pulmonale | right ventricle hypertrophy caused by lung disease |
| compliance | volume change per unit pressure change |
| empyema | an accumulation of pus in the body cavity as a result of bacterial infection |
| patent | wide open; unobstructed (refers to the lumen of a vessel or tube |
| alveolar ventilation | that portion of the air movement in and out of the lungs that exchanges gas molecules with pulmonary blood |
| alveolar | capillary membrane - tissues separating alveolar gases from pulmonary blood |
| shock | a condition in which perfusion to vital organs is inadequate to meed metabolic needs |
| myocardial | pertaining to the myocardium or heart muscle |
| artery | carries blood away from the heart |
| vein | carries blood back to the heart |
| constriction | narrowing of a vessel, including the lumen |
| lumen | the space or channel within a blood vessel or tube |
| dialation | enlargement of blood vessel including its lumen |
| vasoconstriction | the narrowing of a blood vessel, a decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel |
| vasodialtion | increase int he size and caliber of a blood vessel |
| spasm | a sudden involuntary muscle contraction |
| pulse | heartbeat; a wave of increased pressure that flows along the arteries with each ventricular contraction |
| cardiac | pertaining to the heart |
| capillary | microscopic blood vessel that connects the arterioles with the neulies |
| cardiomegaly | enlarge heart |
| trachycardia | rapid heart rate of more that 100 beats per minute |
| bradycardia | abnormally slow heartbeat, usually defined as less that 50 beats per minute |
| fibrillation | twitching, quivering or randomized contractions of the heart, results in no blood flow, life threatening |
| cardiac arrest | a sudden cessation or stopping of the heart |
| defibrillator | mechanical device for applying electric shock to the heart. used to stop or reverse fibrillation |
| angina pectoris | a syndrome characterized by short attacks of chest pain due to increased blood flow to the heart muscle |
| arteriosclerosis | thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls |
| aneurysm | a localized ballooning or out pouching of a vessel wall, usually an artery, due to weakening of the wall by disease, injury or birth defect |
| somnolence | drowsiness; sleepiness |
| anxiety | a state of apprehension or worry over a justifiable cause |
| lethargy | a condition of sluggish indifference or stupor (displaying a lack of response) |
| geriatrices | medical specialty that treats diseases and problems of the aged |
| oxygenated | saturated with oxygen |
| unoxygenated | not oxygenated |
| inhalation | the act of breathing in |
| exhalation | the act of breathing out |
| insiration | the act of breathing in |
| expiration | the act of breathing out |
| respiration | the exchange of gas molecule across the permeable membranes |
| respiratory | pertaining to the respiration or breathing |
| epiglottis | a thin leaf-shaped cartilaginous structure located posterior to the roof of the tongue that closes off the entrance to the larynx during swallowing |
| glottis | space between the vocal cords |
| trachea | windpipe or air passage to the lungs |
| bronchus (bronchi) | one of the two large branches or main divisions of the trachea going to each lung |
| alveolus (alveoli) | microscopic air sac or cell of the lung. place where gas exchange occurs in the lung. |
| tachypnea | rapid, shallow breathing |
| bradypnea | abnormal slowness of breathing |
| orthopnea | difficult breathing except in an upright position (sitting or standing up) |
| apnea | cessation of breathing |
| hypercapnia | too much CO2 in the blood usually caused by hypoventilation or lung disease |
| hypocapnia | a low blood level of carbon dioxide often caused by hyperventalation |
| hypoxemia | insufficient oxygenation of the blood |
| hypoxia | a low oxygen level or lack of oxygen in the tissues |
| sputum | spit; expectorated matter, including saliva from the respiratory tract |
| tenacious | adhering, viscid, holding fast |
| mucopurulent | containing mucous and pus; full of mucous and pus |
| copious | large in quantity; abundant |
| bronchoscopy | internal visualization or examination of the tracheobronchial tree using a bronchoscope |
| pneumonitis | inflammation of a lung or both lungs |
| hemothorax | blood in the pleural cavity |
| pneumothorax | air int he pleural cavity, resulting in collapse of the lung on the affected area |
| atelectasis | collapse or incomplete expansion of an alveoli |
| aspiration | the act of inhaling a foreign substance into the lungs |
| asphyxia | suffocation; apparent cessation of life due to interruption of the breathing process |
| tracheotomy | surgical incision into the trachea |
| tracheostomy | formation of an opening into the trachea to create an airway |
| gastrointestinanl | pertaining to the stomach and intestines |
| arrhythmia | any disturbance in the rhythm of the heartbeat |
| blood gases | primarily the measurement of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures in the blood. the blood gases are reported as pH, PCO2, PO2, HCO3 |
| bronchoconstriction | narrowing of the bronchial lumen; usually refers to smooth muscle constriction; may be due to swelling of the mucosa |
| bronchodilation | widening of the bronchial lumen; refers to relaxation of the smooth muscle |
| bronchospasm | a continuous and severe degree of bronchoconstriction |
| carbon dioxide | produce of normal aerobic metabolism |
| cardiac output | volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute |
| dyspnea | the subjective complaint of difficult breathing |
| FIO2 | fraction of inspired oxygen; the percentage of oxygen in inspired air |
| hyperkalemia | above normal potassium (normal 3.5-5.0) |
| hypokalemia | below normal potassium (normal 3.5-5.0) |
| hypothermia | body temperature below normal |
| hyperthermia | body temperature above normal |
| minute volume | the air exchange in one minute (tidal volumes times respirator rate) |
| oxygen content | total oxygen in blood |
| pathophysiology | abnormal changes of physiology induced by disease |
| perfusion | blood flow through the body |
| plasm | liquid part of the blood |
| respiratory failure | the inability of the lungs to meet the metabolic demands of the body; inadequate gas exchange |
| tidal volume | the volume of air moved into or out of the lungs in a single breath |
| venous return | the return of the blood to the right ventricle; affected by intrathoracic pressure |
| ventilation | movement of the air into and out of the lungs |
| vital capacity | a maximum expiration following a maximum inspiration |
| aerosol | a suspension of solid or liquid particles in a gas |
| nosocomial | pertaining to or originating in a hospital as a nosocomial infection |
| asystole | absence of a heartbeat |
| cardiogenic | originated in or caused by the heart |
| CVA | abbreviation for cerebrovascular accident(stoke) |
| dead space | inspired gas volume that does not participate in gas exchange |
| endotriacheal | within the trachea |
| extuabate | withdrawing a tube from the orifice or cavity of the body |
| hyperventialtion | ventilation in excess of that necessary to meet metabolic needs |
| hypoventilation | ventilation less than that necessary to meet metabolic needs |
| hypovolemia | an abnormally low blood volume |
| I/O | abbreviation for intake and output, recording a patients fluid intake and output |
| laryngospasm | an involuntary contraction of the laryngeal muscles resulting in complete or partial closure of the glottis |
| subcutaneous | beneath the skin |
| sinusitis | an inflammation of one or more paranasal sinuses |
| side affect | any effect produced by a drug other than its desired effect |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose |
| angiogram | an x-ray film of a blood vessel taken after injection of a contrast medium that outlines the vessels |
| arteriogram | an x-ray film of a an artery after it has been injected with a contrast medium |
| electrocardiogram | a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart (ECG or EKG) |
| bronchogram | an x-ray film of the lungs and bronchi after introduction of radiopaque oil into the respiratory passages |
| capnography | the process of obtaining a tracing of the proportion of carbon dioxide in expired air |
| pathogenic | disease producing |
| pathogen | a microorganism or agent capable of producing disease |
| aseptic | free of pathogens |
| disinfectant | an agent that destroys pathogens. pertaining to an agent that destroys bacteria |
| sterilization | the complete elimination or destruction of all microbial life; barren, without life |
| symptom | any subjective change from the normal experienced by the patient that is indicative of a disease or disorder |
| sign | any observable evidence or manifestation of a disease or disordered function of the body |
| peripheral | pertaining to or situated at or near the surface or the outside of the body of a stucture |
| periphery | the outer portion or surface; the external surface |
| antibiotic | an agent or drug produced synthetically or by an organism that destroys or inhibits the growth of certain other microorganisms |
| jaundice | a yellowish staining of the skin due to the presence of excess bilirubin in the blood |
| metabolism | the sum of all chemical activities occuring within a cell |
| metabolic | pertaining to metabolism |
| bactericidal | destructive to bacteria |
| hyperthrophy | an enlargement of an organ or tissue resulting from an increase in size of its individual cells |
| phagocyte | a cell having the ability to engulf and digest foreign particles or cells such as bacteria, that are harmful to the body |
| phagocytosis | ability of the cell to engulf large particles of material including bacteria |
| semipermeable | a semipermeable membrane allows some molecules in a solution to pass through but not others. It permits passage of molecules only up to a certain size |
| biopsy | removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic cellular examination |
| purulent | consisting of pus; full of pus. |
| diffusion | the movement of molecules of gases, solids, or liquids through a semipermablemembrane from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration |
| posteranterior | From back to front (abbreviated PA) |
| anteroposterior | From front to back (abbreviated AP) |
| bilateral | pertaining to or affecting both sides |
| cancer | a malignant tumor or neoplasm; an abnormal cell growth that is uncontrollable and tends to spread to new sites |
| unilateral | pertaining to or affecting one side only |
| external | situated on the outside |
| lateral | pertaining to or situated at the side; away from the midline |
| internal | within the body or structure: inner interior |
| cavity | space with the body containing various organs |
| mortality | death rate; the frequency or the numbers of deaths in proportion to a population |
| medial | pertaining to or situated toward the midline |
| inferior | situated below or lower down |
| system | a group of organs working together to perform complex body functions |
| lipid | any fat or fat-like substance that is insoluble in water |
| sepsis | infection; the presence of invading pathogenic microorganisms in the blood or tissues |
| organ | a structure made up of several groups of tissues and performing a specific function |
| anaerobic | having the ability to live without air or oxygen |
| aerobic | living only in the presence of air or oxygen |
| embolus | a blood clot or air bubble that is circulating through the blood stream |
| hemoglobin | protein found in red blood cells. Its function is the transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissue |
| thrombus | a fixed or stationary blood clot in a vessel that is attached to the vessel wall |
| cyanosis | an abnormal bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, noted in the lips and nail beds due to oxygen deficiency |
| erythocyte | red blood cell (RBC) |
| prognosis | prediction of the course and probable outcome of disease |
| anesthesia | the total or partial loss of sensation which can be due to drugs (anastectics) or to a nerve dysfunction |
| diagnosis | the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examination |
| extracellular | outside a cell or cells |
| thorax | the chest |
| hypotension | low blood pressure |
| hematocrit | cellular part of the blood |
| mucous | a sticky fluid secreted by glands of the mucous membrane. It is a protective lubricant coating. |
| postoperative | after surgery |
| benign | mild, harmless; not malignant |
| hemorrhage | profuse internal or external bleeding from blood vessels |
| hypertension | high blood pressure |
| preoperative | before surgery |
| maglignant | tending to become progressively worse; to spread |
| inoperable | unsuitable for surgery for one or more medical reasons |
| superior | situated above |
| tumor | a neoplasm; a new abnormal growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is progressive and uncontrolled |
| chronic | long and drawn out; a long duration |
| necrosis | the pathological death of cells or tissues |
| diaphragm | muscle separating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity; the chief muscle of respiration |
| tonsillectomy | excision (removal of) of the tonsils in the throat |
| intracellular | within a cell or cells |
| cervical | pertaining to the neck |
| acute | sharp and severe; having a rapid onset and a short course |
| distal | farthest from the point of attachment |
| proximal | nearest or closest the point of attachment |
| infection | a state in which the body or some part of it is invaded by pathogenic microorganisms |
| leukocyte | white blood cell |
| inflammation | a localized tissue or cellular reaction resulting from injury, irritation or infection |
| posterior | situated behind or toward the back |
| pulmonary | pertaining to the lungs |
| cell | smallest structure unit of life |
| anterior | before or in front of |
| abdomen | the belly or front portion of the torso between the chest and the hips |
| anemia | deficiency of red blood cells |
| edema | a swelling of tissue due to an abnormal accumulation of tissue fluid |
| febrile | pertaining to or characterized by fever |
| epigastric | pertaining to the epigastrium or the area overlying the pit of the stomach |
| etiology | the study of the cause of disease; the cause of disease |
| vertebra | any one of the bones of the spinal column |
| operable | suitable for being operating upon or treated surgically |
| membrane | a thin, soft, pliable layer of tissue that lines cavities and envelops and seperates organs |
| vital signs | signs of life - respiration, pulse, temperature, and blood pressure |
| tissue | a mass of like cells having a similar combined function |
| laparotomy | surgical opening of the abdomen |
| excision | surgical removal of, the act of cutting out |
| sensitivity test | a laboratory method of determining the sensitivity or resistance of the culture organisms to drugs |
| autopsy | examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death |
| afebrile | without fever; free from fever |
| thoracocethesis | surgical puncture of the chest wall to remove fluids and air from the pleural cavity |
| abdominal cavity | the space inferior to the diaphragm; houses the stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters |
| thoracic cavity | the internal space above the diaphragm within the walls of the thorax; houses the lungs, heart and large blood vessels |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
Created by:
nnilles
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